ch. 6 -energy flow in the life of a cell Flashcards
(21 cards)
energy
the capacity to do work
work
the transfer of energy to an object causing the object to move
chemical energy
energy that is available in bonds of molecules
potential energy
stored energy
kinetic energy
the energy of movement
first law of thermodynamics
energy can neither be created nor destroyed
closed system
energy can neither enter nor leave
law of conservation of energy
another name for the first law of thermodynamics
second law of thermodynamics
states that when energy is converted from one form to another, the amount of useful energy decreases.
entropy
an increase in disorder
chemical reaction
a process that forms or breaks the chemical bonds that hold atoms together.
reactants
chemical substances
products
the product of a chemical reaction (what you end up with)
exergonic
a reaction that releases energy
endergonic
a reaction that requires energy
activation energy
the energy that begins a reaction or is needed to begin an reaction
energy carrier moleclues
high-energy molecules that are synthesized at the site of an exergonic reaction, where they capture some of the released energy
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
the most common energy carrier in the body
adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
lower energy molecules
electron carriers
donate their high energy electrons to other molecules
coupled reaction
an exergonic reaction provides the energy needed to drive an endergonic reaction using ATP or electron carriers as intermediaries
