Chapter 5- Cell Membrane Structure And Functions

Question 0

Aquaporin

Answer 0

Specialized water channel proteins

Question 1

Active transport

Answer 1

Substances are transported from an area of lower concentration to areas of a higher concentration

Question 2

Carrier protein

Answer 2

Span the cell membrane and have regions that loosely bind certain ions or specific molecules such as sugars and proteins.

Question 3

Channel protein

Answer 3

Form pores throughout the cell membrane

Question 4

Concentration

Answer 4

Defines the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent

Question 5

Concentration gradient

Answer 5

Differences in solute concentrations across their membranes

Question 6

Connection protein

Answer 6

Anchors cell membranes in various ways

Question 7

Desmosome

Answer 7

Join cells in tissues that are repeatedly stretched such as the skin

Question 8

Diffusion

Answer 8

Random movement of solutes producing a net movement from regions of high concentration to low concentration

Question 9

Endocytosis

Answer 9

Materials are engulfed by the plasma membrane and are transported with in the inside vesicles

Question 10

Energy requiring transport

Answer 10

Transport that requires the use of cellular energy

Question 11

Enzyme

Answer 11

Proteins that promote chemical reactions that synthesize or break apart biological molecules

Question 12

Exocytosix

Answer 12

Putting substances outside of the cell

Question 13

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 13

Ions and polar molecules use specific transport proteins to move through cell membranes

Question 14

Fluid

Answer 14

Any substance whose molecules can flow past one another

Question 15

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 15

Structure of cell membranes

Question 16

Food vacuole

Answer 16

Used for digestion

Question 17

Gap junction

Answer 17

Clusters of channels ranging in number from few to thousands. The cells in many animal tissues are are interconnected by gap junctions

Question 18

Glycoprotein

Answer 18

Some membrane proteins bear carbohydrate groups that project from the outer membrane surface.

Question 19

Gradient

Answer 19

A difference in certain properties such as: temperature; pressure

Question 20

hypertonic

Answer 20

a solution that contains a greater concentration of solute

Question 21

hypotonic

Answer 21

a more dilute solution

Question 22

interstitial fluid

Answer 22

a weakly salty liquid resembling blood without its cells or large proteins

Question 23

isotonic

Answer 23

solutions with equal concentrations of solute

Question 24

osmosis

Answer 24

the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 25

passive transport

Answer 25

involves diffusion of substances across cell membranes down their concentration gradient

Question 26

phagocytosis

Answer 26

moves large particles, sometimes including whole microorganisms, into the cell.

Question 27

phospholipid bilayer

Answer 27

phospholipids spontaneously arrange themselves into a double layer

Question 28

pinocytosis

Answer 28

a very small patch of plasma membrane dimples inward as it surrounds interstitial fluid

Question 29

plasmodesmata

Answer 29

channels that link nearly all adjacent plant cells

Question 30

receptor protein

Answer 30

allow cells to respond to specific messenger molecules like hormones carried in the bloodstream.

Question 31

receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 31

used to selectively take up specific molecules or complexes of molecules that cannot move through channels or diffuse through the plasma membrane.

Question 32

recognition protein

Answer 32

a glycoprotein that serves as an identification tag.

Question 33

selectively permeable

Answer 33

their proteins selectively allow only certain ions or molecules to pass through/ permeate

Question 34

simple diffusion

Answer 34

some molecules diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer of a cell

Question 35

solute

Answer 35

a substance that can be dissolved

Question 36

solvent

Answer 36

a fluid capable of dissolving a solute

Question 37

tight junction

Answer 37

formed by proteins that span the plasma membranes at corresponding sites on adjacent cells.

Question 38

transport protein

Answer 38

span the phospholipid bilayer and regulate the movement of hydrophilic molecules across the membrane

Question 39

turgor pressure

Answer 39

created by osmosis