Ch 6 Semantics Vocab Module 6

Question 1

Prototype

Answer 1

for any given set, a member that exhibits the typical qualities of the members of that set

Question 2

Hyponymy

Answer 2

A meaning relationship between words, where the reference of some word X is included in the reference of some word Y.

Question 3

Hypernym

Answer 3

X is then said to be a hyponym of Y and Y is a hypernym of X.

Question 4

sister terms

Answer 4

Words that , in terms of their reference, are at the same level in the hierarchy, have exactly the same hypernyms

Question 5

synonymy

Answer 5

A meaning relationship between words where their reference is exactly the same

Question 6

antonymy

Answer 6

A meaning relationship between words where their meanings are in some sense opposite

Question 7

complementary antonyms

Answer 7

Pair of antonyms such that everything must be described by the first word, the second word, or neither.

Question 8

gradable antonyms

Answer 8

Words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale.

Question 9

reverses

Answer 9

Antonyms in which one word in the pair suggests movement that undoes the movement suggested by the other

Question 10

converses

Answer 10

Autonyms in which the first word of the pair suggests a point of view opposite to that of the second word.

Question 11

preposition

Answer 11

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as of, in, for, with , etc

Question 12

truth value

Answer 12

Either true or false. The reference of a sentence.

Question 13

truth conditions

Answer 13

The set of conditions that would have to hold in the world in order for the proposition expressed by some sentence to be true.

Question 14

entailment

Answer 14

A relationship between propositions where a proposition p is said to entail another proposition q.

Question 15

mutual entailmet

Answer 15

The relationship between two propositions where they entail one another.

Question 16

incompatible

Answer 16

The relationship between two propositions where it is impossible for both of them to be true simultaneously.

Question 17

principle of compositionality

Answer 17

The notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable form the meaning of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined.

Question 18

compositional Semantics

Answer 18

A subfield of semantics that studies the meanings of phrasal expressions, and how those meanings arise given the meanings of the lexical expressions.

Question 19

idiom

Answer 19

A multi-word lexical expression whose meanings is not compositional.

Question 20

pure intersection

Answer 20

The relationship between the reference of an adjective and a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things.

Question 21

intersective adjectives

Answer 21

An adjective whose reference is determined independently from the reference of the noun that it modifies.

Question 22

subsective adjectives

Answer 22

Adjectives whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun they modify refers to.

Question 23

non-intersection

Answer 23

An adjective whose reference is a subset of the set that the noun it modifies refers to.

Question 24

anti-intersection adjectives

Answer 24

An adjective whose referents are not in the set referred by the noun that it modifies.

Question 25

semantics

Answer 25

The study of linguistic meanings

Question 26

lexical symantics

Answer 26

A sub field of semantics that studies meanings of lexical expressions.

Question 27

compositional semantics

Answer 27

A subfield of semantics that studies the meanings of phrasal expressions.

Question 28

sense

Answer 28

A mental representation of an expression’s meaning.

Question 29

reference

Answer 29

A component of linguistic meaning that relates the sense of some expressions to entities in the outside world.

Question 30

referents

Answer 30

An actual entity or an individual in the world to which some expression refers.