Ch 6.1 Composition and Functions of the Integument Flashcards Preview

Biology 227 Lecture > Ch 6.1 Composition and Functions of the Integument > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ch 6.1 Composition and Functions of the Integument Deck (38)
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1
Q

What is the epithelium layer of the integument called?

What is it made of ?

A

Epidermis

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

2
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis from superficial too deep? What is a good pneumonic to remember the order?

A

Stratum cornium, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basal.

Pneumonic: Come lets get sun burned.

3
Q

Which three layers have living keratinocytes?

A

Basal, spinosum, granulosum.

4
Q

What’s another name for the stratum basal?

A

Stratum germinativum.

5
Q

What are there three types of cells in the basal layer?

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile cells.

6
Q

What are the proteins called that are found inside keratinocytes?

A

Cytokeratins.

7
Q

Melanocytes

A

Structure: Long and branching processes
Function: Produce and store melanin and spread it keratinocytes in stratum basal and sometimes more superficial layers.
Location: Throughout stratum basal

8
Q

Melanosomes

A

Granules that store melanin.- Made by melanocytes.

9
Q

What is another name for tactile cells?

A

Merkel Cells

10
Q

Tactile cells

A

Scattered among stratum basal.

When compressed, they release chemicals that stimulate the sensory nerves.

11
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Just superficial to stratum basal. Contains epidermal dendritic cells which play a role in immunity. Has spine appearance in slides because the cytoskeletal elements of desmosomes remain attached during slide prep, but the rest of the cell shrinks.

12
Q

What is the other name for epidermal dendritic cells?

A

Langerhans cells.

13
Q

What do langerhans/ epidermal dendritic cells do?

A

They are phagocytic immune cells that fight infection that penetrates the more superficial layers of the epidermis.

14
Q

How many layers of cells are in the granulosum layer?

A

3-5

15
Q

Where does keratinization begin?

A

Stratum granulosum

16
Q

How many layers of keratin is the lucidum made of ?

A

2-3

17
Q

Where is the lucidum layer located?

A

Only thick skin of soles and palms.

18
Q

What protein does lucidum have in it?

A

Eleidin. Helps to protect skin for UV light.

19
Q

How many layers the stratum Corneum made up of?

A

20-30

20
Q

What antimicrobial peptide does sweat contain?

A

Demicidin.

21
Q

Where does carotene accumulate?

A

In keratinocytes of the stratum corneum.

22
Q

What is carotene important for?

A

Vitamin A- good for vision. Also may help reduce fee radicals and increase the number and activity of immune cells.

23
Q

Other name for mole

A

Nevus

24
Q

hemangioma

A

Benign tumor formed due to blood vessel proliferation

25
Q

cavernous hemangioma

A

Larger blood vessel proliferation that may last a lifetime.

26
Q

Frictions ridges

A

Finger prints
Large folds of epidermis and dermis.
Found on fingers, palms, soles, and toes.

27
Q

What is the dermis made of primarily?

A

Mainly Collagen fibers. Made of connective tissue proper. Both elastic and reticular fibers are also found here.

28
Q

What are the two main layers of the dermis?

A

Superficial papillary and deep reticular

29
Q

What is the papillary layer made of?

A

Areolar tissue

Located just deep to the epidermis.

30
Q

Dermal papillae

A

Interdigitate with deep projections of the dermis.
Contains capillaries that provide nutrients to the cell of the epidermis.
Continas sensory nerve endings.

31
Q

Epidermal ridges

A

Deep projections of the dermis.

32
Q

Reticular layer

A

Deep portion of the dermis that extends from the papillary layer to the underlying subcutaneous layer.
Made of dense regular connective tissue that large bundles of collagen fibers extend in all directions (mesh). This mesh surrounds major structures in the like hair follicles and blood vessels.

33
Q

What does reticular mean?

A

Network.

34
Q

Lines of cleavage

A

Tension lines in the skin formed by collagen and elastic fibers designed to resist areas of stress.

35
Q

What are other names for the subcutaneous layer?

A

Hypodermis or superficial fascia.

36
Q

What tissue types are this made up of ?

A

Areolar and adipose connective tissue.

37
Q

What is interwoven with the hypodermic?

A

The connective tissue of the reticular layer. This stabilizes the position of the skin and binds it to underlying structures.

38
Q

What is released during sweating?

A

Water, salts, and urea.

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