CH. 7

Question 1

intelligence

Answer 1

the capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges

Question 2

g or g-factor

Answer 2

the single, general factor for mental ability assumed to underlie intelligence in some early theories of intelligence

Question 3

fluid intelligence

Answer 3

reflects the ability to think logically, reason abstractly, solve problems, and find patterns

Question 4

crystallized intelligence

Answer 4

the accumulation of information, knowledge, and skills that people have learned through experience and education

Question 5

What does crystallized intelligence reflect?

Answer 5

the facts we have learned and the information that resides in our long-term memory

Question 6

theory of multiple intelligences

Answer 6

psychologist Howard Gardner’s intelligence theory that proposes there are eight distinct spheres of intelligence

Question 7

existential intelligence

Answer 7

involving identifying and thinking about the fundamental questions of human existence (excluded from the 8 kinds of intelligence)

Question 8

practical intelligence

Answer 8

according to psychologist Robert Sternberg, intelligence related to overall success in living

Question 9

What are 2 types of practical intelligence?

Answer 9

1. analytical intelligence
2. creative intelligence

Question 10

analytical intelligence

Answer 10

focuses on the traditional types of problems measured on IQ tests

Question 11

creative intelligence

Answer 11

involves the generation of novel ideas and products

Question 12

emotional intelligence

Answer 12

a set of skills that underlie the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of emotions

Question 13

intelligence tests

Answer 13

tests devised to quantify a person’s level of intelligence

Question 14

How have intelligence tests proved of great benefit? (3)

Answer 14

1. identifying students in need of special attention in school
2. diagnosing specific learning difficulties
3. helping people make the best education and vocational choices

Question 15

What completely erroneous idea did Francis Galton put forth?

Answer 15

the idea that head size and shape are related to intellectual performance

Question 16

mental age

Answer 16

age for which a given level of performance is average

Question 17

intelligence quotient (IQ)

Answer 17

takes into account an individual’s mental age (MA) and chronological age (CA)

Question 18

What did Alfred Binet develop?

Answer 18

the first real intelligence test (IQ)

Question 19

What does the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale consists of?

Answer 19

a series of items that vary according to the age of the person being tested

Question 20

Which IQ tests are most frequently used in the US?

Answer 20

the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-V (WISC-V)

Question 21

What do the WAIS and the WISC measure?

Answer 21

1. verbal comprehension
2. perceptual reasoning
3. working memory
4. processing speed

Question 22

reliability

Answer 22

the consistency of a test measuring what it is trying to measure

Question 23

validity

Answer 23

the degree to which a test actually measures what it is supposed to measure

Question 24

What are 2 prerequisites for accurate assessment of intelligence?

Answer 24

1. reliability
2. validity

Question 25

norms

Answer 25

standards of test performance that permit the comparison of one person's score on a test with the scores of other individuals who have taken the same test

Question 26

adaptive testing

Answer 26

not every test-taker receives identical sets of questions; or every test-taker receives different sets of test questions

Question 27

What is an advantage of adaptive testing?

Answer 27

the total time spent on the test is shorter than traditional tests

Question 28

What are 2 disadvantages of adaptive testing?

Answer 28

1. a large number of test items must be created and calibrated 2. early mistakes by test takers can hurt final scores

Question 29

intellectual disability

Answer 29

a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills

Question 30

What is your degree of intellectual disability if you have an IQ of 55-69?

Answer 30

Mild

Question 31

What is your degree of intellectual disability if you have an IQ of 40-54?

Answer 31

Moderate

Question 32

What is your degree of intellectual disability if you have an IQ of 25-39?

Answer 32

Severe

Question 33

What is your degree of intellectual disability if you have an IQ below 25?

Answer 33

Profound

Question 34

What degree of intellectual disability do 90% of all people with intellectual disabilities have?

Answer 34

Mild

Question 35

fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 35

the most common cause of intellectual disability in newborns, occurring when the mother uses alcohol during pregnancy

Question 36

down syndrome

Answer 36

another major cause, in which a person is born with 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46

Question 37

familial intellectual disability

Answer 37

intellectual disability in which no apparent biological or genetic problems exist, but there is a history of intellectual disability among family members

Question 38

In most cases of down syndrome, there is an extra copy of which chromosome?

Answer 38

21st

Question 39

What does the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (Public Law 94-142) permit?

Answer 39

1. people with intellectual disabilities are entitled to a full education 2. must be educated and trained in the least restrictive environment

Question 40

mainstreaming

Answer 40

integration into regular classrooms

Question 41

full inclusion

Answer 41

total integration of all students, even those with the most severe intellectual disabilities, into regular classrooms

Question 42

intellectually gifted

Answer 42

the 2% to 4% segment of the population who have IQ scores greater than 130

Question 43

culture-fair IQ test

Answer 43

a test that does not discriminate against the members of any minority group

Question 44

hertiability

Answer 44

the degree to which a characteristic is related to genetic, inherited factors