ch. 7 Flashcards
(16 cards)
what is the propaganda effect?
more likely to rate statements read or heard before as being true
involves implicit memory
what is priming?
the presentation of a priming stimulus changes a persons response to a test stimulus. this is related to implicit memory because the priming effect can occur even though the person may or may not remember the original presentation of the priming stimuli.
what is implicit memory
(unconscious) divided into procedural knowledge, priming, and classical conditioning
what is classical conditioning?
a neutral stimulus is associated with a reflexive response
related to the implicit memory because the person has forgotten about the original pairing of the stimulus and response
what is encoding?
acquired information and transforming it into LTM
what is maintenance rehearsal?
repetition without any consideration of meaning or connections to other information
what is elaborative rehearsal?
rehearsal that involves using meaning to other information
what is the levels of processing theory?
memory depends on how information is encoded
shallow processing has little attention to meaning and uses maintenance rehearsal, while deep processing pays close attention to an items meaning and uses elaborative rehearsal.
recall is better when you encode information at a deeper level of processing!
what factors aid with encoding?
visual imagery, self reference effect, generation effect, organizing to be remembered, relating words to survival value, retrieval practice
what is visual imagery?
paired associate learning: remember the word that is paired with another word
first try by repeating the words, then imagine them interacting
what is the self reference effect?
individuals are better at remembering information that is personally relevant to them
what is the generation effect?
memory is better when a person generates the material themselves (ex. read a pair of words and generate the second word… king-qu___) (ex. make a practice test)
what is the organization effect?
words are organized at retrieval and this is because of retrieval cues, so presenting information in an organized way during encoding helps improve memory
what is relating words to survival value?
memory was shaped through evolution to help us survive, rate 1-5 how relevant each word is for survival if tranded on an island
what is retrieval practice?
enhanced performance on a memory test caused by being tested on the material to be remembered.
what are ashleys steps of studying?
- elaborate - provide meaning
- generate and test- make test questions for yourself
- organize similar facts or concepts together
- take breaks and sleep
- avoid illusions of learning, rereading and highlighting
- be an active learner, use your own words
