Ch. 7 Breast Imaging DM, US, And MRI

Question 1

Is a measure of the percentage of energy that strikes a receptor material that is actually absorbed by the receptor

Answer 1

Absorption efficiency

Question 2

Analog to digital converter (ADC)

Answer 2

Converts analog signal from the image receptor/detector to a digital signal for the computer to manipulate for processing, display, and storage

Question 3

Are a group of eight bits, where a bit represents the smallest unit of measure of computer storage

Answer 3

Bytes

Question 4

Scans the image receptor(IR) with a laser beam to initiate the emission of light

Answer 4

Computer Reader (CR)

Question 5

Refers to the opposite from the side being examined

Answer 5

Contralateral

Question 6

The percentage of energy absorbed by a receptor that is converted to usable output

Answer 6

Conversion efficiency

Question 7

How does a cyst appear on an ultrasound image?

Answer 7

No internal echoes, circumscribed, smooth borders, have acoustic enhancement posterior to the lesion

Question 8

On ultrasound, means a structure is filled with fluid when this happens..

Answer 8

Echo free

Question 9

Is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of skin lesions, multiple benign hamartomas, and neoplastic grow throughout the body

Answer 9

Condensed syndrome

Question 10

Is the product of absorption and conversion efficiency. It is the percentage of energy that strikes a receptor in results and useful output signal

Answer 10

Detective quantum efficiency (DQE)

Question 11

What does DICOM stand for?

Answer 11

Digital imaging and communications in medicine

Question 12

Converts digitally manipulated data back to an analog signal to be sent to the display monitor

Answer 12

Digital to analog converter (DAC)

Question 13

Are vacuum tubes with two electrodes: a cathode and anode

Answer 13

Diodes

Question 14

In digital imaging is Determined by the “window” and “level” of the displayed region of the breast

Answer 14

Display contrast

Question 15

The range of intensities that are displayed

Answer 15

Window

Question 16

Is the range of values over which is system can respond and is known as the grayscale range

Answer 16

Display contrast

Question 17

Refers to the number of shades of gray that can be represented in each pixel and represents the receptors ability to respond to different exposure levels

Answer 17

Dynamic range

Question 18

Is the range of underexposure or overexposure that can occur in producing an acceptable image

Answer 18

Exposure latitude

Question 19

Also called the storage phosphor screen or photo stimulable storage phosphor. Is the device that receives the energy of the x-ray beam and forms the image of the body parts in digital mammography(DM) and computed mammography(CM)

Answer 19

Image receptor (IR)

Question 20

Refers to the same side as the side being examined

Answer 20

Ipsilateral

Question 21

Refers to the layout of cells in rows and columns. Each cell corresponds to a specific location in image

Answer 21

Matrix

Question 22

Is the ability of the detector system to transfer it spatial resolution characteristics to the image of the available special frequencies to produce an image that is exactly like the object

Answer 22

Modulation transfer function (MTF)

Question 23

Is the random background information that is detected but does not contribute to the image quality

Answer 23

Noise

Question 24

Is essentially a networking system in which images acquired from different modalities and multiple locations can be reviewed at one Location or shared and archived

Answer 24

PACS

Question 25

Refers to the apparent displacement of an observed object when it is imaged from two or more different points

Answer 25

Parallax

Question 26

Is the material that, when irradiated, produces free electrons.

Answer 26

Photoconductor

Question 27

Is the release of stored energy within the phosphor or photostimuable plate by stimulation with visible light

Answer 27

Photostimulated luminescence (PSL)

Question 28

Is the smallest component part of an image

Answer 28

Pixel

Question 29

The process by which certain materials omit a flash of light in response to the absorption of ionization radiation

Answer 29

Scintillation

Question 30

Are inorganic crystals that respond to ionization radiation by scintillation

Answer 30

Scintillation phosphors

Question 31

Measures the ability to respond to or register small changes or differences

Answer 31

Sensitivity

Question 32

Is a comparison of the strength of the information in the digital image to the strength of the noise in the image

Answer 32

Signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR)

Question 33

Is measured in line pairs per centimeter or line pairs per millimeter

Answer 33

Spatial frequency

Question 34

What size objects does high spatial frequency have the ability to image?

Answer 34

Very small

Question 35

The ability to distinguish & separate between two adjacent structures in the image

Answer 35

Spatial resolution

Question 36

Is the quality of being precise rather than general

Answer 36

Specificity

Question 37

Is the process whereby the technologist post process is the image, allowing only a “window” of the entire dynamic range to be viewed on a computer monitor

Answer 37

Windowing

Question 38

Controls the brightness display

Answer 38

Window level

Question 39

Control the brightness difference displayed, or contrast

Answer 39

Window width

Question 40

Means without internal echoes. Is sonolucent

Answer 40

Anechoic

Question 41

Is the development of many carcinoma’s throughout the body

Answer 41

Carcinosis or Carcinomatosis

Question 42

Is used in ultrasound to describe the structure that is combined cystic & solid

Answer 42

Complex

Question 43

in ultrasound means having more echoes then surrounding organs or brighter echoes than other

Answer 43

Echogenic or hyperechoic

Question 44

Means uniform in composition

Answer 44

Homogenous

Question 45

Refers to the north and south poles of a magnetic field

Answer 45

Dipole