Ch 7 Cells Exam 2

Question 1

Prokaryotes

Answer 1

-No membrane bound nucleus
-Archaea & Bacteria
-Nucleoid
-Circular DNA

Question 2

Eukaryotes

Answer 2

-Both unicellular and multicellular species
-Animals, Plants, Fungi/Yeast, & Protista(Algae)
-Much larger than prokaryotes
-Nucleus
-Organelles
-Linear DNA

Question 3

Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes

Answer 3

-Cell Membrane
-Cytoplasm
-Ribosomes
-DNA
-Chromosomes

Question 4

Organelles in Plant Cells

Answer 4

-Chloroplast -Nucleolus -Rough ER -Mitochondria
-Cell Wall -Nucleus -Golgi Apparatus -Cytosol
-Plastids -Ribosomes -Cytoskeleton -Lysosome
-Vacuole -Vesicles -Smooth ER -Centriole

Question 5

Organelles in Animal Cells

Answer 5

-Vacuoles -Cytoplasm -Vesicles -Centrioles
-Ribosomes -Nuclear Membrane -Cell Membrane -Cytoskeleton
-Smooth ER -Mitochondria -Rough Er -Nucleolus
-Nucleus -Golgi Apparatus

Question 6

Ribosomes

Answer 6

-makes proteins
-millions in the cytoplasm
-don’t scatter freely

Question 7

Organelles

Answer 7

Membrane bound compartments inside of cells that contain a suite of enzymes or specialized structures

Question 8

Cytoskeleton

Answer 8

-cell skeleton
-system of protein fibers
-provide cell shape and stability
-helps move materials around the cell
-organizes all organelles in the cell

Question 9

Plasma Membrane

Answer 9

-Create an internal environment that is distinct from the outside, nonliving one
-Selectively permeable barriers
-Phospholipd bilayer and proteins

Question 10

Proteins

Answer 10

Perform most of a cell’s functions

Question 11

Nucleic Acids

Answer 11

Store, transmit, and process information

Question 12

Carbohydrates

Answer 12

Provide chemical energy, carbon, structural support, identity

Question 13

Nucleoid

Answer 13

Area where the chromosome is contained

Question 14

Bacterial Plasma Membrane

Answer 14

-Bacterial phospholipids are bound to glycerol

Question 15

Archaeal Plasma Membrane

Answer 15

-Archaeal use highly branched isoprenoid chains bounds to glycerol
-Archaeal membranes are more resistant to extreme environments

Question 16

Cell Wall

Answer 16

-function as structure and protection
-found in prokaryotes & eukaryotes
-only found in plants cells(fungi, algae)not animal
-outside plasma membrane; durable, outer layer
-made of rods & fibers of carbohydrates

Question 17

Flagella

Answer 17

Molecular motors that allow cell movement

Question 18

Fimbriae

Answer 18

Allow attachment to surfaces

Question 19

Eukarya

Answer 19

Range from microscopic algae to 100 meter tall redwoods

Question 20

Cytoplasm

Answer 20

-contains a high concentration of solutions

Question 21

Cytosol

Answer 21

-Fluid portion of cytoplasm
-small fraction of the cell

Question 22

Nucleus

Answer 22

-information storage & processing

Question 23

Chromosomes

Answer 23

-located in discrete sections toward outside

Question 24

Nucleolus

Answer 24

-Ribosomal manufacture & processing

Question 25

Rough ER

Answer 25

-contains ribosomes -makes proteins and are packaged into vesicles -proteins are made here and move into the lumen

Question 26

Smooth ER

Answer 26

-contain no ribosomes -lipid processing center -calcium reservoir

Question 27

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 27

-close to the nucleus -receives vesicles -contains the rough ER protein products(cargo) -cargo is processed

Question 28

Lysosome

Answer 28

-animal cells only -recycling center -enzymes present that are hydrolyze molecules -acid hydrolases

Question 29

Vacuoles

Answer 29

-large organelle(up to 80% cell volume) -plant, fungi, & others lack lysosomes -ion storage -

Question 30

Peroxisome

Answer 30

-center for redox reactions -lots of peroxide

Question 31

Glyoxysome

Answer 31

-plant leaf cells -oxidize fata

Question 32

Mitochondrion

Answer 32

-powerhouse of the cell -makes ATP -has it owns DNA - mitochondrial ribosomes

Question 33

Chloroplasts

Answer 33

-most algal & plant cells -converts sunlight to chemical energy -own DNA