Ch 7: Early Childhood Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

who is referred to Early childhood

Answer 1

2-6 years

Question 2

boys vs girls height and weight

Answer 2

boys are slightly taller and bigger than girls

Question 3

brain development

Answer 3

-2 years old brain is 75% of total wight
-5 years old brain is 90% of adult weight

Question 4

what increases brain size

Answer 4

myelination of nerve fibres

Question 5

linking the cerebellum to the cerebral cortex helps in what way

Answer 5

development with fine motor skills, balance and coordination

Question 6

from age 4-7 the nerves have been more myelinated what does this mean for development?

Answer 6

brain can be involved in the ability to sustain attention and screen out distractions

Question 7

what hemisphere dominant is right handed people

Answer 7

left hemisphere

Question 8

right hemisphere functions

Answer 8

visual-spatial functions, aesthetic and emotional response

Question 9

plasticity if the brain

Answer 9

brains ability to compensate for injuries to particular parts of the brain

Question 10

left hemisphere function

Answer 10

more involved in intellect, logical analysis, problem-solving language and computation.

Question 11

when is plasticity greatest

Answer 11

1-2 years of age it is lessened as adulthood comes

Question 12

what contributes to the brains plasticity

Answer 12

sprouting: growth of new dendrites

Question 13

Gross Motor Skills

Answer 13

involve large muscles used in locomotion, like balancing on one foot, walk up stairs

Question 14

what is crucial to positive life-long cognitive development

Answer 14

motor development

Question 15

preschoolers should spend how many hours a week in large- muscles activity

Answer 15

25hours+

Question 16

when does motor activity level decline

Answer 16

2 to 3 years of age, they are less restless can sit longer

Question 17

when is there a increases in focused attention

Answer 17

2-4 years

Question 18

what is Rough and tumble play

Answer 18

running, chasing, fleeing, wrestling, hitting, laughing

Question 19

does rough and tumble play helps develop physical and social skills?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

more active parents have ________ children

Answer 20

active (because they are role models, share activites)

Question 21

does fine motor skills develop more slowly or faster then gross motor skills?

Answer 21

slower

Question 22

fine motor skills involve

Answer 22

small muscles used in manipulation and coordination

Question 23

what age can children learn to scribble

Answer 23

age 2

Question 24

Major illnesses

Answer 24

rubella, measles, tetanus, mumps, whooping cough, diphtheria, polio

Question 25

number one cause of death of pre-school-aged children is?

Answer 25

cancer

Question 26

how much sleep do toddlers need

Answer 26

12-14 hours

Question 27

sleep terrors

Answer 27

more severe than nightmares. occur during deep sleep, can wake suddenly with a surge in heart and respiration rates, talk incoherently; trashing out and then fall back to sleep.

Question 28

what does sleep terrors cause

Answer 28

insomnia and a fear of going to sleep

Question 29

sleepwalking

Answer 29

occurs during deep sleep

Question 30

when are children toilet trained

Answer 30

2-3 years

Question 31

enuresis

Answer 31

failure to control the bladder

Question 32

Bed-wetting

Answer 32

nighttime "accident"

Question 33

Encopresis

Answer 33

lack of control over the bowels

Question 34

what does encopresis stem from

Answer 34

physical causes such as chronic constipation

Question 35

Jean Piaget's Preoperational stage

Answer 35

from ages 2-7 -uses symbols to represent objects -drawings are symbols -pretend play

Question 36

what requires cognitive sophistication

Answer 36

symbolic or pretend play

Question 37

what % of pre-schoolers have imaginary friends?

Answer 37

65%

Question 38

what is shown with children with imaginary friends

Answer 38

less aggressive, more cooperative, and creative than children without imaginary friends, more advanced in language development

Question 39

three mountains test - (Piaget's )

Answer 39

to learn whether children at certain ages are egocentric

Question 40

precausal

Answer 40

the children's reasons are likely to be based egocentrically and not on science

Question 41

Transductive reasoning

Answer 41

children reason by going from one specific isolated event to another

Question 42

Animism

Answer 42

children attribute life and intentions to inanimate objects

Question 43

Artificialism

Answer 43

children assume environmental factors such as rain and thunder have been designed and made by people

Question 44

conservation

Answer 44

law that holds that properties of substances such as volumes

Question 45

class inclusion

Answer 45

including new objects or categories into broader classes so we can associate into our brains

Question 46

Scaffolding

Answer 46

temporary support provided by a parent or teacher to learning children

Question 47

Zone of Proximal development

Answer 47

Gap between what children are capable of doing now and what they could do with help from others

Question 48

Theory of mind

Answer 48

knowing the differenced between actual and mental events and between how things appear and how they really are

Question 49

can gain knowledge by looking at what age

Answer 49

3 year old's

Question 50

what age can have the ability to identify sources of their knowledge

Answer 50

4-5

Question 51

The Appearance-Reality Distinction

Answer 51

children have to learn the difference between real events versus mental ones. like 7 to 8 years of age they develop this.

Question 52

when can children remember events from 1.5 years ago

Answer 52

age 4

Question 53

Autobiographical memory

Answer 53

memory of specific events is facilitated by children

Question 54

factors that impact memory

Answer 54

interest level, cues/ reminders on memorys, pictures

Question 55

Rehearsal

Answer 55

memory strategy using repetition; begins at 5 years of age

Question 56

how many words do preschoolers learn per day

Answer 56

9 words

Question 57

fats-mapping

Answer 57

process where a child quickly attaches a new word to it appropriate concept

Question 58

pragmatics

Answer 58

practical application of language they demonstart this when tehy adjust sppech to fit

Question 59

Vygotsky

Answer 59

vocalizations and thoughts are separate during the first year, and second year they combine and children understand labels

Question 60

inner speech

Answer 60

spoken aloud thoughts are internalized by age 6-7; linked to planning and self-regulation