Ch 7: Fluid/Electrolyte balance

Question 1

What % of adults are fluids (+ how much intracellular and extracellular)

Answer 1

50-70%

• 2/3 intracellular
• 1/3 extracellular

Question 2

What consits of extracellular fluid (2)

Answer 2

• Tissue fluid (lean tissues have higher amounts)

- Plasma

Question 3

What are the electrolytes of body fluid (4)

Answer 3

Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Phosphorus

Question 4

What are the predominant electrolytes intracellulary and extracellular

Answer 4

Intra- Potasium, Phosphorus

Extra- sodium, Chloride

Question 5

What are the functions of electrolytes (3)

Answer 5

• Help regulate fluid balance (osmosis)
• Help nerves respond to stim (Na + K across membrane)
• Signal of mm to contract (ca2+)

Question 6

What is insensible water

Answer 6

lost thru the skin (sweat) or thru lungs during exhalation

Question 7

Average recomended water intake for males/females

Answer 7

males- 3.7L

females- 2.7L

Question 8

Whta is hyponatremia

Answer 8

Overhydration of water (dilution of sodium)

Question 9

recomended intake of sodium and do most Canadians reach this goal

Answer 9

1. 5g/day required

- Most canadians consume more than UL

Question 10

What occurs in overconsumption of sodium

Answer 10

Hypernatremia- abnormally high blood sodium (risk in those w heart/kidney probs)

• High blood volume, edema, high BP
• increased excretion of calcium leading to bone loss

Question 11

What occurs in underconspumtion of sodium + why does it happen

Answer 11

• can be from prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, sweating (strenous activity), too much water
• Can lead to seizures, coma, death

Question 12

What is the function of potassium + recommended intake

Answer 12

• Fluid/electro balance, helps maintaine lower BP

4. 7g (most candians don’t consume this amount)

Question 13

food sources w high potassium

Answer 13

potatoes

Question 14

What occurs in you overconsume potassium + what pts is it in

Answer 14

can alter heart rhytm (heart attack/death risk)

pts w kidney disease

Question 15

What type of pt is low potassium seen in

Answer 15

pts w kidney disease/ diabetic acidosis/ taking diuretic meds

Question 16

Chloride function and recomended intake

Answer 16

• fluid balance, immune function, HCL component

- min 2.3g/day

Question 17

What happends if you consume too much chloride

Answer 17

May lead to hypertension in salt sensitive pts

Question 18

Function of phosphorus

Answer 18

• major neg intracelluar electrolyte
• fluid balance
• critical role in bone formation
• creates energy in body (ATP etc)

Question 19

RDA for phosphous

Answer 19

700mg/day

Question 20

What occurs if you consume too much phosphorus and why does it occur

Answer 20

w/ kidney disease or too much vit D sups

-causes mm spasms/ convulsions

Question 21

Who is at risk for not consuming enough phosphorus

Answer 21

Premature infants, elderly, poor diets, alcohol abuse

Question 22

What are heat cramps + what are they due to

Answer 22

develop during vigorous activity sessions in heat

-pain mm cramps lasting seconds to mins

Question 23

What is heat exhaustion + what are they due to

Answer 23

several days in high heat w/ inadequate fluids

-Cramps, weakness, vomiting, dizziness, increased BO

Question 24

symmptoms of heat stroke

Answer 24

rapid pulse, hyperventilation, hot/dry skin, high body temp, wekaness