Ch. 7: Hazard Assessment and Risk Evaluation

Question 0

What is recognized as a critical benchmark in safe and successful emergency response operations?

Answer 0

The concept of hazard assessment and risk evaluation.

Question 1

What is the most critical decision-making point in the successful management of a hazardous materials incident?

Answer 1

The evaluation of hazard information and the assessment of risks.

Question 2

What refer to a danger or peril?

Answer 2

hazards

Question 3

What refer to the probability of suffering harm or loss?

Answer 3

risks

Question 4

What are the three distinct, but inter-related tasks of the hazard and risk evaluation process?

Answer 4

1) Hazard Assessment
2) Risk Evaluation
3) Development of the IAP

Question 5

What must responders understand to mount a safe and effective hazmat response?

Answer 5

1) how the enemy will behave
2) how it can harm
3) how these properties are influenced by the environment where the incident is occuring

Question 6

What provide information on the behavior of a material?

Answer 6

physical properties

Question 7

What is known as the pressure exerted by the vapor within the container against the sides of the container?

Answer 7

vapor pressure

Question 8

The weight of a solid or liquid material as compared with the weight of an equal volume of water.

Answer 8

specific gravity

Question 9

The weight of a pure vapor or gas compared with the weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.

Answer 9

vapor density

Question 10

The temperature at which a liquid changes its phase to a vapor or gas.

Answer 10

boiling point

Question 11

The temperature at which a solid changes its phase to a liquid.

Answer 11

melting point

Question 12

The ability of a substance to change from the solid to the vapor phase without passing through the liquid phase.

Answer 12

sublimation

Question 13

The temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied no matter how much pressure is applied.

Answer 13

critical temperature

Question 14

The pressure that must be applied to liquefy a gas at its critical temperature.

Answer 14

critical pressure

Question 15

The rapid release of a liquefied gas that causes it to rapidly cool, slow down the boiling process, and remain in a liquid state.

Answer 15

auto-refrigeration

Question 16

The ease with which a liquid or solid can pass into the vapor state.

Answer 16

volatility

Question 17

The rate at which a material will vaporize or change from liquid to vapor.

Answer 17

evaporation rate

Question 18

The amount of gas produced by the evaporation of one volume of liquid at a given temperature.

Answer 18

expansion ratio

Question 19

The ability of a solid, liquid, gas or vapor to dissolve in water or other specified medium.

Answer 19

solubility

Question 20

The ability of materials to dissolve into a uniform mixture.

Answer 20

miscibility

Question 21

Measurement of the thickness of a liquid and its ability to flow.

Answer 21

viscosity

Question 22

What are the intrinsic characteristics or properties of a substance described by its tendency to undergo chemical change?

Answer 22

chemical properties

Question 23

What typically provides responders with an understanding of how a material may harm?

Answer 23

chemical properties

Question 24

Concentration of material to which the body is exposed over a specific time period.

Answer 24

dose

Question 25

Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors that will ignite and flash over, but will not continue to burn without the addition of more heat.

Answer 25

flash point

Question 26

Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors that will ignite and sustain combustion.

Answer 26

fire point

Question 27

The minimum temperature required to ignite gas or vapor without a spark or flame being present.

Answer 27

ignition temperature

Question 28

The range of gas or vapor concentration that will burn or explode if an ignition source is present.

Answer 28

flammable range

Question 29

The byproducts of the combustion process that are harmful to humans.

Answer 29

toxic products of combustion

Question 30

What are the two primary tasks within the hazard and risk evaluation process?

Answer 30

1) gather hazard data and information on the materials involved 2) to compile that data in a useful manner so that risk evaluation process can be accomplished in a timely and efficient manner

Question 31

What should a good guidebook have?

Answer 31

well-written "How to Use" section

Question 32

What is the most recognized emergency information center?

Answer 32

CHEMTREC

Question 33

Which two ways can hazardous materials concentrations be identified?

Answer 33

1) on-site use of direct reading instruments | 2) laboratory analysis of samples obtained through several collection methods

Question 34

What provides information at the time of sampling, thereby allowing for rapid, on-scene risk evaluation and decision making?

Answer 34

direct-reading instruments

Question 35

What is the period of time between when the instrument senses a product and when a monitor reading is produced?

Answer 35

instrument response time (lag time)

Question 36

The lowest concentration to which a monitoring instrument will respond.

Answer 36

lower detection limit (LDL)

Question 37

The process of adjusting a monitoring instrument so that its readings correspond to actual, known concentrations of a given material.

Answer 37

calibration

Question 38

What operations poses the greatest threat to emergency responders?

Answer 38

initial air monitoring and reconnaissance

Question 39

How should a hazard area be approached whenever possible?

Answer 39

upwind then move to the flanks of the release

Question 40

What is used to assess the level of risk, determine material hazards and characteristics, and make emergency response and clean-up decisions?

Answer 40

sampling

Question 41

What is a process that involves the collection of material that will be used in a legal proceeding?

Answer 41

evidence collection

Question 42

When dealing with flammable liquids, how should bung caps be removed?

Answer 42

unscrewed very slowly, ~.25 inches per movement

Question 43

What is the most critical task performed by emergency responders?

Answer 43

risk evaluation

Question 44

What is the overall objective of emergency responders at any emergency?

Answer 44

To favorably change or influence the outcome.

Question 45

What is defined as the process of breaking down complex actions into smaller, more easily understood parts?

Answer 45

event analysis

Question 46

What is defined as an applied force or system of forces that tend to either strain or deform a container or trigger a change in the condition of the contents?

Answer 46

stress

Question 47

What are the three types of stress?

Answer 47

thermal, mechanical, and chemical

Question 48

What type of stress is generally associated with hot or cold temperatures and their effects upon the container or its contents?

Answer 48

thermal stress

Question 49

What is the result of a transfer of energy when one object physically contacts or collides with another?

Answer 49

mechanical stress

Question 50

What is the result of a chemical reaction between two or more materials?

Answer 50

chemical stress

Question 51

What will happen when a container is stressed beyond its limits of recovery?

Answer 51

breach

Question 52

What will directly determine one's ability to control the situation?

Answer 52

rate of release

Question 53

What are specific and measurable processes implemented to achieve the strategic goals?

Answer 53

tactical objectives

Question 54

What is the relative ability of a metal to bend or stretch without cracking?

Answer 54

ductility