ch 7 hw bone tissue questions

Question 1

the interior of flat bones is composed of ______ bone

Answer 1

spongy

Question 2

bone dissolving cells on bone surfaces are called

Answer 2

osteoclasts

Question 3

organic bone matrix

Answer 3

• collagen
• glycoproteins
• provides flexibility
• proteoglycans
• resists tensile (pulling) forces
• glycosaminoglycans

Question 4

inorganic bone matrix

Answer 4

• hydroxyapatite
• provides hardness
• calcium carbonate
• resists compressive forces

Question 5

properties of compact bone

Answer 5

• also called dense bone
• found in greater proportion in the bone diaphyses
• made up of osteons
• visible, obvious, central canals

Question 6

properties of spongy bone

Answer 6

• found in greater proportions in bone epiphyses
• gaps between ossified material are filled with marrow
• composed of trabeculae
• arranged a long lines of force
• strong but light
• found in greater proportions in flat bones

Question 7

identify the correct statements regarding the treatment of fractures

Answer 7

• most fractures are set by open reduction internal fixation (ORIF)
• traction is used to treat fractures of the femur in adults because it aids in the alignment of the bone fragments by overriding the force of the strong thigh muscles
• open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) involves surgically exposing the fractured bone and using plates, screws, or pins to realign the fragments
• hip fractures are usually pinned and early ambulation (walking) is encouraged because it promotes blood circulation and healing
• fractures that take longer than 2 months to heal may be treated with electrical stimulation which accelerates repair by amplifying the effects of parathyroid hormone

Question 8

which of the following best describes osteomalacia

Answer 8

the softening of the bones in adults due to calcium depletion

Question 9

a smaller 70 year old asian woman comes to you with a broken hip. which test do you order to check for osteoporosis

Answer 9

a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) exam

Question 10

a concerned mother brings her young son to you for a check up. she says he stays indoors on the couch all the time, playing video games, and refuses to drink milk or eat dark green leafy vegetables. you tell her that unless he changes his behaviors. he at risk for what skeletal disorder?

Answer 10

rickets

Question 11

which of the following is not a component of the skeletal system

Answer 11

tendons

Question 12

what is the function of red bone marrow

Answer 12

blood-cell production

Question 13

the skeletal system helps maintain acid-base balance by ______

Answer 13

absorbing or releasing alkaline phosphate and carbonate salts

Question 14

osseous tissue matric is composed of

Answer 14

calcium phosphate

Question 15

____________ is/are found in compact bone but not spongy bone

Answer 15

central canals

Question 16

within compact bone a central canal is found at the center of which structure

Answer 16

an osteon

Question 17

which of the following best described osseous tissue

Answer 17

a connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up bone

Question 18

what is the calcium-phosphate salt deposited within bone called

Answer 18

hydroxyapatite

Question 19

which type of bone growth occurs within cartilage and results in bone elongation

Answer 19

interstitial

Question 20

a __________ fracture is one in which the bone is broken into 3 or more pieces

Answer 20

comminuted

Question 21

the _____ contain hydrogen pumps that lead to the formation of hydrochloric acid which is used to dissolve bone minerals in a process called _______

Answer 21

osteoclasts
mineral resorption

Question 22

greenstick fractures most commonly occur in children because

Answer 22

their bones contain a higher proportion of collagen

Question 23

during fracture healing cartilage is deposited in granulation tissue to form which of the following

Answer 23

a soft callus

Question 24

in an adult a compound fracture of the _____ could lead to a “fat” embolism entering the blood stream

Answer 24

tibia

Question 25

which hormone inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts to lower blood calcium levels

Answer 25

calcitonin

Question 26

mineralization is a process that extracts _______ and ______ from the blood plasma and deposits it into bone

Answer 26

calcium phosphate

Question 27

to help regulate body calcium levels bone has 2 reserves. the disadvantage of the stable reserve is that is _____

Answer 27

cannot easily be exchanged or released into the tissue fluid

Question 28

each of the following complication listed below is a result of a homeostatic calcium imbalance. which would not be life threatening

Answer 28

a deficit of appositional bone growth

Question 29

the bones of the skull form by which type of ossification

Answer 29

intramembranous

Question 30

which of the following is not considered a weight bearing activity

Answer 30

swimming

Question 31

tissues and arches which help form an internal scaffolding network are found in ______

Answer 31

trabecular bone

Question 32

at which of the following ages would calcium loss from bone be more than calcium deposits into bone even when a high calcium diet is eaten

Answer 32

50 years old

Question 33

which mineral is most important throughout life to assist in maintaining strong bones

Answer 33

calcium

Question 34

# classifying bones by shape flat bones

Answer 34

* scapula * sternum * cranium

Question 35

# classifying bones by shape irregular bones

Answer 35

* sphenoid bone * vertebra

Question 36

# classifying bones by shape short bones

Answer 36

* capitate bone * talus

Question 37

# classifying bones by shape long bones

Answer 37

* ulna * radius * femur

Question 38

# properties of different bone shapes flat bones

Answer 38

* "flat" name misleading as bones are often curved * sternum

Question 39

# properties of different bone shapes irregular bones

Answer 39

* oddly shaped bones usually found in axial skeleton * sacrum

Question 40

# properties of different bone shapes short bones

Answer 40

* allow small degrees of motion usually in 2 degrees of freedom * scaphoid * length and width are similar in proportion

Question 41

# properties of different bone shapes long bones

Answer 41

* femur * serve as levers for body movements * length and width proportion greatly differ