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Cell and Molecular Bio > Ch 7 Membranes > Flashcards

Ch 7 Membranes Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

Why do phospholipids rarely flip-flop

A

hydrophobic core

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2
Q

How does the plamsa membrane control what enters and what leaves cell?

A

selective permeability

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3
Q

The concentration of free water depends on ____

A

impermeable solutes

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4
Q

Cholesterol buffer:

at cool temperatures

A

keeps membrane from solidifying

hinders close packing of phospholipid

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5
Q

Plasma membrane thickness

A

8nm

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6
Q

If a Paramecium swims from a hypotonic environment to an isotonic one, how will this impact the activity of the contractile vacuole?

A

Less active

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7
Q

Active Transport: Ion Pumps

Moves ions UP their concentration gradient

From _____to _____

A

Low to high

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8
Q

Ways to Get Across the Membrane:

what molecules can get through with a protein

A

Charged ions

polar molecules - water, glucose, amino acids

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9
Q

Is enegrgy required for diffusion?

A

no

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10
Q

Proteins are _______________ in the membrane, making up ___ of the plasma membrane

A

embedded

50%

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11
Q

What are the faciliated diffusion transport proteins

A

Channel protein

Carrier Protein

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12
Q

fats from animals

A

saturated fat

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13
Q

Active Transport: Cotransporters

energy is provided by ___

A

one solute moving down gradient

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14
Q

different proteins =

A

different functions

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15
Q

Amphipathic

A

both polar and non-polar regions

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16
Q

Diffusion

A

the movement of molecules to spread out evenly

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17
Q

Does facilitated diffusion require a protein?

Which 2?

A

Yes

Channel protein

Carrier protein

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18
Q

phospholipid sandwiches (cell membrane)

A

bilayer

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19
Q

Active Transport: Cotransporters

One solute moves ___ its gradient and one moves ___

A

down, up

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20
Q

Tonicity is ___, not absolute

A

relative

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21
Q

Ion Pumps

Requires energy (usually supplied by _____)

A

ATP

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22
Q

only loosely associated proteins (plasma membrane)

A

peripheral proteins

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23
Q

Ion pump examples

A

Proton pump

Na+K+ pump

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24
Q

fat with higher melting temp

A

saturated fat

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25
Does Active Transport require energy and what are the three types?
Requires energy Ion pumps Cotransporters Bulk Transport
26
Phospholipids are held together via
hydrophobic interactions
27
genetic disorder causing lack of cysteine carrier
cystinuria
28
Types of Passive Transport:
Simple diffusion facilitated diffusion
29
Flaccid isotonic
30
Cholesterol buffer: At warm temperatures
keeps membrane from being too fluid impedes movment of phospholipid tails
31
Phospholipids components
1: glycerol 2: fatty acids 1: phosphate/coline
32
Unsaturated fat
33
Butter
saturated fat
34
spheres of phospholipids
micelle
35
Requires 2 solutions separated by a water permeable membrane
Tonicity
36
Glycolipids:
covalently bound to lipids
37
To diffuse is to spontaneously move ___ their concentration gradient from ___ to ___ concentration
down high low
38
Diffusion of one solute is ________________ of the concentration gradients of other solutes
independent
39
transport protein: binds to solute first, changes conformation and then releases solute on either side
carrier
40
What is the protein polymer
polypeptides
41
Does simple diffusion require a protein?
No
42
Shriveled Hypertonic
43
Tonicity | (definition)
the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water
44
Sodium-Potassium Pump Used to maintain high Na+\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and high K+\_\_\_\_\_
outside, inside
45
\_\_\_ fluidity = ___ permeability
Increased fluidity = increased permeability
46
2 general types of membrane proteins:
Integral proteins peripheral proteins
47
What is the bond between protein monomers
peptide bond
48
Electrochemical Gradient Concentration:
chemical gradient (high to low)
49
plasmolyzed hypertonic
50
Active transport direction of movement
low to high
51
fats with lower melting temp
unsaturated fat
52
Electrochemical Gradient Ions diffuse based on: Charge across the membrane:
electrical gradient
53
fat from plants and fish
unsaturated fat
54
Saturated fat
55
What is the protein monomer
amino acids
56
proteins that are embedded in the hydrophobic core
integral proteins
57
Turgid hypotonic
58
2 possible structures of phospholipids
micelle bilayer
59
What are the three questions to ask?
Which direction with the molecule travel? is enegery required? is a transport protein required?
60
Phospholipids regularly drift
10^7 times per second
61
Sodium-Potassium Pump \_\_\_ K+in : __ Na+out
2 K+ in 3 Na+ out
62
\_\_\_\_ water moves down the concentration gradient
free
63
What can increasethe fluidity of the cell membrane
Increase in temperature increase in unsaturated fatty acids shorter fatty acid tails
64
What is the carbohydrate monomer
monosaccharides
65
Ion pump energy source?
usually ATP
66
transport protein: open corridor type
channel protein
67
oil
unsaturated fat
68
Simple diffusion workes for what molecules
small and hydrophobic molecules Steroids -testosterone, estrogen O2, CO2
69
Lysed hypotonic
70
Which alterations could help an organism adapt to an increase in environmental temperature?
Increase cholesterol increase saturated fatty acids
71
Creation of an Electrochemical Gradient Ions diffuse based on \_\_\_\_
1. Concentration 2. Charge
72
Ways to Get Across the Membrane: what molecules can get through with bulk transport
large molecules
73
Water moves from ___ solute concentration to ___ solute concentration
low high
74
Glycoproteins:
covalently bound to protein
75
Regular Isotonic
76
\_\_\_ concentration of solute = ____ concentration of free water
high low
77
Due to artificial \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: produces saturated fats and transdouble bonds
hydrogenation
78
a cell lacking a cell wall lives in an environment that is not isotonic compared to the inside of the cell? Must have adaptations for \_\_\_\_
Osmoregulation
79
What is the bond between nucleic acid monomers
phosphodiester
80
fat that is linked to cardiovascular disease
saturated fat
81
What is the carbohydrate bond between monomers
glycosidic linkage
82
Ion pump is protein needed?
yes, Na+K+ pump Proton pump
83
Ways to Get Across the Membrane: What molecules can go through Directly
Only non-polar molecules- O2 CO2 Lipids - estrogen, testosterone
84
What is the nucleic acid polymer
polynucleotide
85
What can decrease the fluidity of the plasma membrane
Decrease temperature increase in saturated fatty acids longer fatty acid tails
86
What is the carbohydrate polymer
polysaccharide

Cell and Molecular Bio (14 decks)

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