ch. 7 vocab 28-49

Question 1

arteriole

Answer 1

Small artery

Question 2

calyx or calix

Answer 2

Cuplike collecting region of
the renal pelvis; the term
comes from the Greek,
kalux, meaning a cup or
case surrounding a flower
bud

Question 3

catheter

Answer 3

Tube for injecting or
removing fluids

Question 4

cortex

Answer 4

Outer region of an organ

Question 5

creatinine

Answer 5

Nitrogenous waste
excreted in urine

Question 6

electrolyte

Answer 6

Chemical element that carries
an electrical charge when
dissolved in water.

Question 7

erythropoietin
(EPO)

Answer 7

Hormone secreted by the
kidney to stimulate
production of red blood
cells by bone marrow;

-poietin means a
substance that forms.

Question 8

filtration

Answer 8

Process whereby some substances pass through a filter

Question 9

glomerular capsule

Answer 9

Enclosing structure surrounding each
glomerulus; also called Bowman capsule

Question 10

glomerulus

Answer 10

Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney

Question 11

hilum

Answer 11

Depression in the part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave; comes from the Latin meaning a small thing

Question 12

kidney

Answer 12

One of two bean-shaped organs that
filter nitrogenous waste from the
bloodstream to form urine

Question 13

meatus

Answer 13

Opening or canal

Question 14

medulla

Answer 14

Inner region of an organ; the term
comes from the Latin, medulla,
meaning marrow

Question 15

nephron

Answer 15

The functional unit of the kidney where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place

Question 16

nitrogenous waste

Answer 16

Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine; examples are urea, uric acid, and creatinine

Question 17

potassium (K+)

Answer 17

An electrolyte regulated by
the kidney

Question 18

reabsorption

Answer 18

Renal tubules return
materials necessary to the
body back into the
bloodstream

Question 19

renal artery

Answer 19

Blood vessel that carries
blood to the kidney

Question 20

renal pelvis

Answer 20

Central collection region in
the kidney

Question 21

renal tubules

Answer 21

Microscopic tubes in the
kidney where urine is
formed after filtration

Question 22

renal vein

Answer 22

Blood vessel that carries
blood away from the
kidney

Question 23

renin

Answer 23

Hormone secreted by the kidney
that raises blood pressure

Question 24

sodium (Na+)

Answer 24

An electrolyte regulated in the
blood and urine by the kidneys;
a common form of sodium is
sodium chloride (salt)

Question 25

trigone

Answer 25

Triangular area in the urinary
bladder

Question 26

urea

Answer 26

Major nitrogenous waste excreted
in urine

Question 27

ureter

Answer 27

One of two tubes leading from
the kidneys to the urinary
bladder

Question 28

urethra

Answer 28

Tube leading from the urinary
bladder to the outside of the
body

Question 29

uric acid

Answer 29

Nitrogenous waste product
excreted in the urine

Question 30

urinary
bladder

Answer 30

Hollow, muscular sac that
holds and stores urine

Question 31

urination
(voiding)

Answer 31

Process of expelling urine; also
called micturition