ch 8-11 exam Flashcards
(48 cards)
obesity (not psychiatric diagnosis)
rates increasing
BMI
causes - genetics 30% of cause
modernization (inactive lifestyle, high-fat foods) biological factors (initiation and maintenance of eating) psychosocial factors (impulse control, attitude, affect reg)
treatment - weight loss programs, behavior mod programs, bariatric surgery
bulimia nervosa
DSM criteria
-recurrent episodes of binge eating
-recurrent compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain
-cycle at least once/week for 3 months
-self in unduly influenced by body shape/weight
most diagnoses within 10% of normal body weight
medical consequences - erosion of dental enamel, electrolyte imbalance, kidney failure, seizures, intestinal problems
causes - ideal body size, culture, social/gender standard, dieting trends, fam history of dieting/EDs, perfectionism, low sense of control, low self confidence, distorted body image
treatment - antidepressants, logic-based therapy (best) interpersonal psychotherapy, prevention
90-95% female
anorexia nervosa
DSM criteria
-restricted energy intake leading to significant low body weight
-intense fear of weight gain or persistent behavior to prevent weight gain
-disturbance in way body weight or shape is experienced
medical consequence - no period, dry skin, brittle hair/nail, cardiovascular problems, electrolyte imbalance
comorbidity - anxiety/mood disorders, substance use
stats - 90-95% female and 1% gen pop
causes - ideal body size, culture, social/gender standard, dieting trends, fam history of dieting/EDs, perfectionism, low sense of control, low self confidence, distorted body image
treatment - weight restoration, CBT, psychoeducation, prevention
sleep disorder assessment
polysomnographic evaluation
-detailed history
-sleep hygiene
-EEG
-EOG
-EMG
actigraph
sleep logs
insomnia
DSM criteria
-predominant complaint of dissatisfaction with sleep quality/quantity
-cause significant impairment/distress
-difficulty at least 3 nights/week for 3 weeks
-not due to something else
stats - female:male 2:1, frequently associated with anxiety, depression, substance
causes - diathesis/stress, predisposing factors (genetics, personality, hyperarousal), precipitating factors (situational stress, injury, illness), perpetuating factors(time in bed, napping, alc, caffeine intake, conditioned arousal)
treatment - benzos, sleep restrictions, CBT (sleep hygiene, stimulus control, relaxation)
sleep apnea
restricted air flow, brief cessations of breathing
stats - male>female
associated with obesity and age
treatment - tricyclics, weight loss, surgery, CPAP machine
50% of leading causes of death linked to what
behavioral/lifestyle patterns
ex. genital herpes - sexual behaviors and stress
psychological factors influence what
biological processes
behavioral patterns influence what
increases disease risk
biopsychosocial model
biological, social, and psychological factors are interrelated to influence health and well-being
benefits of social support
reduce stress, promote psych adjustment to chronic disease, protect against cognitive decline, faster recovery from surgery, fewer complications in pregnancy and childbirth
psychosocial pathway
beneficial when attempting behavior change (help with accountability)
social-biological pathway
alters the perception of stress (buffers in inflammatory process in response to stress)
stress response
nature of stress - stressor, stress, individual variability
general adaptation syndrome - phase 1 (alarm response), phase 2 (resistance), phase 3 (exhaustion)
two endocrine systems
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis = corticotropin releasing factor
sympathetic-adrenaline-medullary (SAM) system
clinical psych in treatment of HIV/AIDS
high stress is exacerbation of AIDs progression
stress reduction increased t helper cells
clinical psych in treatment of cancer
factors in adapting to cancer diagnosis
-intrapersonal (personality, coping ability)
-interpersonal (social support)
-socioeconomic (low SES is a barrier to healthcare access)
clinical psych in treatment of cardiovascular disease
denial as a means of coping, coronary bypass surgery, and optimists have quicker recovery,
types of pain
acute vs chronic
true or false: severity of pain predicts reaction to it
FALSE: it DOES NOT
factors that predict reaction to pain
perceived control, negative emotion, poor coping skills, social support, compensation
comprehensive treatment program for pain
monitor and ID stressful events, monitor somatic symptoms, muscle relaxation, cognitive therapy, increase coping strategies (more effective than individual components)
gender differences in sex
women - emphasis on context of committed relationship and satisfaction is from demonstration of love
men - focus on arousal and self concept includes power, independence, and aggression
sex
biological indicators
assigned at birth
