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psychopatho > chp 1-7 exam > Flashcards

chp 1-7 exam Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

psychological disorder

A

disturbance in cognition, emotional regulation, behavior that reflects dysfunction in mental functioning

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2
Q

psychopathology

A

scientific study of psychological disorders

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3
Q

prevalence

A

how many people in population have a disorder

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4
Q

incidence

A

number of new cases over a period of time (ex. per year)

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5
Q

3 historical paradigms of mental illness

A

supernatural
biological
psychological

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6
Q

behaviorism

A

classical and operant conditioning

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7
Q

biological model

A

medication

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8
Q

equifinality

A

several paths to a given outcome

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9
Q

multifinality

A

same underlying factor can lead to several different psychological disorder

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10
Q

comorbidity

A

having more than one disorder

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11
Q

what is the purpose of clinical assessment

A

reliability
validity
standardization

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12
Q

reliability

A

consistency of the findings

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13
Q

validity

A

degree to which a test measures what it’s supposed to

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14
Q

clinical interview

A

help diagnose and make a treatment plan

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15
Q

behavioral assessment

A

ABCs (antecedents, behaviors, consequences)
to identify and understand causes of certain behavior

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16
Q

purpose of psychological testing

A

purpose - help answer whatever questions are present about an individual or their behaviour

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17
Q

neuropsychology testing

A

a broad base of skills and abilities
methods - fixed vs flexible batteries
concerns - false positives and negatives

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18
Q

neuroimaging and physiological assessment

A

images of the brain, EEG, and other body responses

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19
Q

internal validity

A

degree of confidence which relationship observed in test was accurate

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20
Q

external validity

A

extent to which results can be generalized to other populations

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21
Q

hypothesis

A

testable statement that predicts relationship between two or more vaariables

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22
Q

randomization

A

process of assigning people to different groups by chance

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23
Q

control group

A

given the placebo to see if independent variable works

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24
Q

statistical significance

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A

if a difference between groups is due to chance or to experimental influences

25
clinical significance
if a treatment is effective in helping a patient return to normal functioning
26
correlation
a statistical technique that measures the strength and direction of a relationship between two or more variables
27
study to answer: "why do people behave in unusual ways?"
family or twin studies
28
help people develop more adaptive behaviors
randomized clinical trial
29
anxiety
apprehensive. future-orientated somatic symptoms - tension
30
fear
immediate, present-oriented sympathetic nervous system activation
31
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
excessive anxiety/worry occurring more days than not for 6 months difficult to control worry causes significant stress + impairment not due to substance abuse of medical condition not better explained by other disorder causes - inherited tendency to become anxious treatment - benzos/antidepressants CBT
32
panic disorder w/ w/o agoraphobia
recurrent unexpected panic attacks at least one attack followed by >month of persistent concern causes - biological vulnerability, anxiety treatment - meds, exposure-based, panic control
33
specific phobias
marked fear about object/situation fear longer 6 months cause significant distress/impairment female:male 4:1 causes - inherited vulnerability, traumatic exposure, info transmission treatment - CBT (exposure)
34
social anxiety disorder
* marked fear/anxiety >1 social situation individual is exposed to possible scrutiny * social situations almost always provoke anxiety * fear/anxiety out of proportion to actual threat * fear/anxiety ongoing for at least 6 months * causes distress/impairment onset - adolescence causes - inherited vulnerability traumatic exposure, info transmission, fam influence treatment - meds (high relapse rates), CBT (exposure, role play)
35
PTSD
* exposure to actual threat * persistent avoidance * last longer than a month * negataive alteration in thought+mood * persistent symptoms of increased arousal * casues distress/impairment causes - event factors (trauma intensity), genetic diathesis, psychosocial factors treatment - meds (SSRIs), CPT (exposure, imaginal, graduated)
36
OCD
either obsessions or compulsions O/C are time consuming or cause distress/impairment causes - biological vulnerability, specific psych vulnerability treatment - meds, psychosurgery, CBT (reality, exposure) highly effective
37
depersonalization
experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer of self
38
derealization
experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings
39
depersonalization/derealization disorder
persistent recurrent experiences of one or both reality testing in tact symptoms cause distress/impairment not due to substance abuse or other psych disorder stats - high comorbidity onset around 16 causes - temperament, environmental, proximal events (severe stress, lack of sleep) treatment - psych treatment understudied Prozac appear ineffective
40
dissociative amnesia
inability to recall important autobio info w/ w/o dissociate fugue generalized/localized stats - high comorbidity causes - environmental treatment - not much known, high risk of suicide/self-harm
41
dissociative identity disorder (DID)
disruption of identity characterized by ≥ 2 personality states recurrent gaps in recall of everyday events, important personal info, or traumatic events cause distress of impairment not due to substance use or other medical condition stats - high comorbidity causes - biological (smaller hippocampus/amygdala or reactive temperament), environmental treatment - identify/neutralize triggers, visualization, coping, meds (benzos/antidepressants)
42
Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD)
preoccupation with serious illness somatic symptoms not present performs excessive health-related behaviors causes - familiar history of illness treatment - education, CBT (symptom creation, stress reduction)
43
somatic symptom disorder
* presence of symptoms disrupting daily life * anxiety related to health concerns * last at least 6 months stats - rare causes - history of fam illness, links to antisocial personality disorder treatment - no "cure", cognitive behavioral interventions
44
body dysmorphic disorder
preoccupation with flaws in appearance engage in repetitive behavior in response to appearance distress/impairment not concerned with body fat or weight (eating disorder) high comorbidity causes - culture, stress, diathesis treatment - similar to OCD, meds (SSRIs), exposure and response prevention
45
major depressive disorder (MDD)
presence of MDE significant distress/impairment no mania/hypomania not attributable to other disorder
46
manic episode
distinct period >week of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood marked impairment not attributable to substance use
47
persistent depressive disorder
potentially milder symptoms 2+ years never been manic/hypomanic
48
bipolar I disorder
presence of manic episode maybe preceded by hypomanic/major depressive episodes not better accounted for by other disorder lithium - mood stabilizing drug valproate (high efficacy fewer side effects) for antimania
49
bipolar II disorder
alternating major depressive and hypomanic episodes not better accounted by other disorder lithium - mood stabilizing drug valproate (high efficacy fewer side effects) for antimania
50
cyclothymic disorder
for at least 2 years hypomanic and depressive symptoms but doesn't rise to an episode cause distress/impairment cannot be under influence
51
causes of mood disorders (biological)
family/genetic influence neurotransmitter systems
52
causes of mood disorders (psychological)
stressful life events learned helplessness depressive cognitive triad (self,future,world)
53
social/cultural dimensions of mood disorders
marriage interpersonal relationships gender roles social support
54
treatment of mood disorders
change chem of brain (med ECT psych) psych - cognitive therapy, behavioral activation therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy ECT - few side effects, relapse common
55
antidepressants for mood disorders
tricyclics (used for severe depression; many neg side effects) monoamine axidase inhibitors (high efficacy, interactions) SSRIs (first treatment choice, no unique risk, many neg side effects)
56
suicide gender differences
women - more attempts/ideation men - more deaths
57
suicide risk factors
fam history, neurobiology, alc, suicide coverage, stressor
58
suicide treatment
assessment, no suicide contract, hospitalization (full/partial)

psychopatho (3 decks)

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