Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 101 > Ch. 8 > Flashcards

Ch. 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the balanced equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the balanced equation for cellular respiration?

A

C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are autotrophs?

A

“self-feeders”; capable of making their own food

capable of utilizing photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are heterotrophs?

A

“other-feeders”; must consume other organisms for consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the mesophyll?

A
  • leaf cells specialized for photosynthesis
  • allows CO2 to diffuse into the plant and O2 to diffuse out
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are stomata?

A
  • pores on the surfaces of leaves
  • take in CO2 and release O2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What substances are leaving through leaf openings?

A

O2 and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What substances are entering leaf openings?

A

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

sites of photosynthesis in plant cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are thylakoids?

A

flattened sacs within the chloroplast responsible for converting sunlight to chemical energy during photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the stroma?

A

the dense fluid surrounding the thylakoid membrane and is involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from CO2 and H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are grana?

A

individual stacks of thylakoid discs that function in the light reactions of photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many membranes surround the chloroplast?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 2 major stages of photosynthesis?

A

light reactions and the Calvin Cycle (dark reactions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is required and made in light reactions?

A

H2O is required, O2 is made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is required and made in the Calvin Cycle?

A

CO2 is required, CH2O is made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the wavelength range for visible light?

A

380-750 nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a photon?

A

a particle of light energy that comes from the sun

19
Q

What are pigments?

A

proteins that, in plants, are responsible for absorbing sunlight during photosynthesis

20
Q

Where are pigments found in plants?

A

the thylakoids of chloroplasts

21
Q

How is color perception determined?

A

which colors are absorbed by pigments and which ones are reflected

22
Q

What is chlorophyll a?

A
  • the prodominant pigment found in green plants
  • reflects the color blue-green
23
Q

What is chlorophyll b?

A
  • a workhorse for chlorophyll a
  • reflects the color green-yellow
24
Q

What are carotenoids?

A
  • another workhorse for chlorophyll a
  • reflects the color orange
25
Q

What happens when pigments absorb photons?

A

electrons in the chlorophyll get excited

26
Q

What are photosystems?

A
  • light-capturing units found in the thylakoid
  • consist of a reaction-center complex surrounded by light-harvesting complexes
27
Q

What are the two types of photosystems?

A

photosystems I and II

28
Q

What substance is required in light reactions?

A

water b/c it acts as a source of electrons

29
Q

How do electrons travel in non-cyclic pathways?

A

shuttled through the linear flow of electrons

30
Q

What is required in PSII in order to produce NADPH?

A

more sunlight

31
Q

What is chemiosmosis?

A

the process of hydrogen ions (protons) moving through ATP synthase

32
Q

How many atoms of carbon does RuBP have?

A

5

33
Q

What is rubisco?

A

the enzyme responsible for combining RuBP w/ CO2

34
Q

What is required to convert 3PGA to G3P?

A

6 ATP, 6 NADPH

35
Q

What role does G3P play in the making of RuBP?

A

the molecules that stay in the cycle are formed back into RuBP, requiring ATP

36
Q

What is carbon fixation?

A

first stage of the Calvin Cycle that forms sugar and other organic compounds for energy

37
Q

What is reduction?

A

second stage of the Calvin Cycle where energy is obtained from ATP and NADPH formed during the light reactions

38
Q

What is regeneration?

A

third stage of the Calvin Cycle where some G3P molecules are used to produce glucose, while others are recycled to regenerate the RuBP acceptors

39
Q

What occurs when RuBP is not available?

A

photorespiration

40
Q

What is photorespiration?

A

a metabolic pathway that consumes O2 and ATP, releases CO2, and decreases photosynthetic output

41
Q

What are the 3 types of photosynthesis in plants?

A

C3, C4, CAM

42
Q

What are C3 plants?

A
  • accounts for majority of plants
  • have no special features to combat photorespiration

“normal” plants, stomata open day, cool, wet environments

43
Q

What are C4 plants?

A
  • minimize photorespiration by separating initial CO2 fixation and the Calvin Cycle
  • performs these steps in different cells

bundle-sheath cells, stomata open day, hot, sunny environment

44
Q

What are CAM plants?

A
  • Crassulacean acid metabolism
  • minimize photorespiration and save water by separating steps between night and day

different time, stomata open night, very hot, dry environment

BIO 101 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions