Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Chemistry > Ch 8 Acids And Bases > Flashcards

Ch 8 Acids And Bases Flashcards

(43 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is an acid?

A

An acid is a substance that ionises in water to form hydrogen ions H+.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a base?

A

Chemical substances that include all metal oxides and hydroxides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What determines the basicity of an acid?

A

The maximum number of hydrogen ions produced by one mole of pure acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What determines the strength of an acid?

A

The extent to which the acid molecule ionises when dissolved in water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What makes an acid strong?

A

The acid completely ionises in the solution to produce a high concentration of H+ ions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What makes an acid weak?

A

The acid partially ionises in the solution to produce a low concentration of H+ ions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Can the strength of an acid be changed?

A

No.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Can the concentration of an acid be changed?

A

Yes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Physical properties of an acid?

A
  1. Sour taste
  2. Generally corrosive
  3. Are electrolytes (substances that conduct electricity in aqueous solutions)
  4. Turns moist blue litmus paper red
  5. Turns green universal indicator orange (weak)/red (strong)
  6. pH <7
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Physical tests for acids?

A
  1. Universal indicator
    - Add 2-3 drops of Universal Indicator
    - Strong acid: Green -> Red
    - Weak acid: Green -> Yellow
  2. Methyl orange
    - Add 2-3 drops of methyl orange
    - Acid present: orange -> red
  3. Litmus paper
    Add a few drops of acid to
    - Damp red litmus paper: remains red
    - Damp blue litmus paper: turns red
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chemical tests for acids?

A
  1. pH meter
    - pH would be <7
  2. Calcium carbonate
    - Add 2g of calcium carbonate to the acid
    - Effervescence produced
  3. Magnesium
    - Add a piece of magnesium ribbon to the acid
    - Effervescence produced
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acid + Base -> ?

A

Salt + Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acid + Metal -> ?

A

Salt + Hydrogen Gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acid + Alkali -> ?

A

Salt + Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acid + Carbonate -> ?

A

Salt + Carbon Dioxide Gas + Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Physical properties of alkalis?

A
  1. Corrosive when concentrated
  2. Soapy
  3. Turns moist red litmus paper blue
  4. Bitter taste
  5. pH >7
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Physical tests for alkalis?

A
  1. Universal Indicator
    - Add 2-3 drops of Universal Indicator
    - Strong alkali: Green -> Purple
    - Weak alkali: Green -> Blue
  2. Litmus paper
    - Turns damp red litmus paper blue
    - Damp blue litmus paper remains blue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Alkali + Ammonium salt -> ?

Study These Flashcards
A

Salt + Ammonia gas + Water

19
Q

Is a bee sting acidic or alkaline?

20
Q

Is a wasp sting acidic or alkaline?

21
Q

What are the 4 types of oxides?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Acidic
  2. Neutral
  3. Amphoteric
  4. Basic
22
Q

What can acidic oxides do?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Some can dissolve in water to form an acid.
  2. Can only react with bases.
23
Q

What can basic oxides do?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Some can dissolve in water to form an alkali.
  2. Can only react with acids.
24
Q

What can amphoteric oxides do?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Can react AS both acids and bases.
  2. Can react WITH both acids and bases.
25
What can neutral oxides do?
They are insoluble in water.
26
Examples of the 4 different types of oxides?
METAL OXIDES Amphoteric: ZnO, Al2O3, PbO (ZAP) Basic: Anything that isn't ZAP NON-METAL OXIDES Neutral: H2O, NO, CO (HoNeyComb) Acidic: Anything that isn't HoNeyComb
27
What is an alkali?
A substance that ionises in water to form hydroxide OH- ions.
28
What is a salt?
A chemical compound formed by the replacement of one or more hydrogen ions of acids by the metallic ion.
29
Acid salt vs Normal salt?
Acid salt: Contains hydrogen ions Normal salt: All hydrogen ions are replaced
30
Anhydrous salt vs Hydrated salt?
Anhydrous salt 1. Do not contain water of crystallisation. 2. Powdery form. 3. CuSO4 Anhydrous copper (II) sulfate (White powder) Hydrated salt 1. Contains water of crystallisation. 2. Crystalline form. CuSO4.5H2O Hydrated copper (II) sulfate (blue crystals)
31
Solubility of nitrate salts?
All soluble.
32
Solubility of ammonium salts?
All soluble.
33
Solubility of Group 1 salts?
All soluble.
34
Solubility of chloride, bromide and iodide salts?
All soluble except for lead and silver.
35
Solubility of sulfates?
All soluble except for lead, barium and calcium.
36
Solubility of carbonates?
Only Group 1 and ammonium are soluble. The rest are not.
37
Solubility of hydroxides?
Only Group 1 and ammonium are soluble. (Calcium, barium, and strontium are sparingly soluble) The rest are not.
38
Salt preparation method for soluble non-Group 1 metal salt?
Reaction of acid with insoluble substances 1. Add EXCESS solid metal carbonate/oxide/hydroxide to a fixed volume of acid until the solid can no longer dissolve or no more effervescence can form. (Only if carbonate used) 2. FILTER the mixture to remove excess solid metal carbonate/oxide/hydroxide. 3. HEAT to evaporate until 1/3 volume of salt solution is left. 4. COOL hot saturate solution and crystals will form. 5. FILTER to obtain crystals. 6. WASH with cold distilled water and dry between filter paper. - Acid + Metal oxide/hydroxide -> Metal salt + Water - Acid + Metal carbonate -> Metal salt + Carbon dioxide gas + Water
39
Salt preparation method for insoluble salt?
Precipitation method 1. Add a fixed volume of the 2 SOLUBLE SALT SOLUTIONS. (One containing the cation and the other containing the anion of the insoluble salt to be prepared) 2. FILTER the mixture to obtain the insoluble salt. 3. WASH between distilled water and DRY between filter paper.
40
Salt preparation method for soluble Group 1 metal salts?
Titration 1. Put 25.0cm^3 of a known concentration of AQUEOUS ALKALI into a conical flask using a pipette. 2. Add DILUTE ACID from a burette to the alkali solution, swirling the flask continuously. (Carefully observe the contents in the conical flask, stop adding colour when the colour has changed - neutralisation completed) 3. Record the volume of acid used. 4. Repeat the first 2 steps with the recorded volume of acid. Do not add indicator. 5. HEAT to evaporate until 1/3 volume of the solution is left. 6. COOL hot saturated solution and crystals will form. 7. FILTER to obtain crystals. Wash with cold filtered water and dry between filtered paper. - Acid + Alkali -> Salt + Water
41
Metals and their reactivity with acids?
Reactive: Zinc, magnesium, iron Unreactive: Gold, silver, copper. Too reactive (explosive): Group 1 metals (e.g. potassium)
42
How are alkalis related to bases?
Alkalis are bases that are soluble in water. All alkalis are bases, but not all bases are alkalis.
43
Common indicators and their colour changes?
METHYL ORANGE Acid: Red Alkali: Yellow SCREENED METHYL ORANGE (Grey) Acid: Violet Alkali: Green LITMUS PAPER Acid: Red Alkali: Blue BROMOTHYMOL BLUE Acid: Yellow Alkali: Blue PHENOLTHALEIN Acid: Colourless Alkali: Pink

Chemistry (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions