Ch 8 Cell The Unit Of Life Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
Name the two scientists that proposed the cell theory
A
A german botanist Matthias Schleiden and British zoologist Theodore Schwann
2
Q
What did Rudolf Virchow Conclude
A
Omnis cellula e cellula i.e New cells arise from old cell
3
Q
Rod shaped Bacteria
A
Bacillus
4
Q
Circular Shaped Bacteria
A
Coccus
5
Q
Comma Shaped Bacteria
A
Vibrio
6
Q
Spiral Shaped Bacteria
A
Spirillum
7
Q
Name the layers that form cell envelope
A
Glycocalyx, cell wall and plasma membrane
8
Q
m-RNA + Ribosomes
A
Polysome or polyribosome
9
Q
Cell without cell wall
A
Protoplast
10
Q
Protoplast without non living materials
A
Protoplasm
11
Q
Protoplasm without nucleus
A
Cytoplasm
12
Q
Cytoplasm without cell organelles is
A
Cytosol
13
Q
Bacterial flagellum part
A
Filament, hook and basal body
14
Q
Which is the most accepted model of the plasma membrane
A
The fluid mosaic model proposed by Singer and Nicholson in 1972 is the most accepted model of PM
15
Q
what is middle lamella made up of
A
calcium pectate
16
Q
proteins in the PM are divided into two types based on ________ and they are __________
A
- their location
- Integral/ Intrinsic/ Internal Protein and Peripheral/ External Extrinsic Protein
17
Q
In the Fluid Mosaic Model the fluid is ______ and the mosaic is __________. They are present in %
A
- lipid 40% Quasi Fluid Proteins
- Protein 52%
18
Q
Cell Wall in Bacteria is made up of
A
peptidoglycan or murein or mucopeptide
19
Q
Cell wall in Fungi is Made up of
A
CHITIN ( Homopolymer of n-ACETYL Glucosamine)
20
Q
Cell Wall in Higher Plants is made up of
A
Cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and proteins
21
Q
Cell wall in Algae is made up of
A
Cellulose, Galactan, mannnan, minerals like calcium carbonate
22
Q
What is the function Plasmodesmata
A
- connects the cytoplasm of two adjacent cells
- symplast (living) system within the dead wall
23
Q
Plasmodesmata is lined by
A
Plasma Membrane
24
Q
Plasma Membrane is made up
A
Lipids and Proteins
25
The endomembrane system consists of
E.R., Golgi Apparatus, Vesicles, Lysosomes
26
The SER in the muscles is
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
27
Detoxification of Drugs, alcohol, pollutants is done by _______ with the enzyme ________-
1. SER
2. cytochrome P450
28
Golgi Apparatus was named by
Camillo Golgi
29
Golgi in PLANT CELLS are called as
Dictyosomes
30
Modified Golgi Vesicle is called as
Acrosomes
31
In which cells Golgi are absent
1. Mature Sieve Tubes
2. Mature Mammalian RBCs
3. Sperms of Bryophtes and pteridophytes
32
what are the two faces of Golgi
1. Cis/ Forming/ Convex Face
2. Trans/ Maturing/ Concave Face
33
m-RNA + Ribosomes = ___________
its Functions _________
1. Polysome/ Polyribosomes
2. It helps to translate m-RNA to proteins
34
which cell organelle is Polymorphic in Nature
Lysosomes
35
What is Single membrane of Vacuoles called
Tonoplast
36
Vital Stain in Mitochondria
Janus Green
37
Fat storing Leucoplast
Elaioplast
38
Starch Storing Leucoplast
Amyloplast
39
Protein Storing Leucoplast
Aleuroplast
40
Which Cell Organelles are part of the Endosymbiotic Theory or are Semi Autonomous in nature
1. Mitochondria
2. Plastids
41
What are the different types of Vacuoles
1. Contractile Vacuole
2. Food Vacuole
3. Gas Vacuole/ Pseudostratified Vacuole
42
What is the site of Light Reaction
Granum or Thylakoid
43
What is the site of Dark Reaction
Stroma
44
Chromoplast is made up of _____ soluble ____ pigment like _______and _______-
Fat soluble
carotenoid pigment
like carotene, Xanthophylls
45
the three plastids are not interconvertible.
true/ false
False.
The three plastids are interconvertible
46
Which Cell organelle is polymorphic in nature
Lysosomes
47
Ribosomes were showed by _______ and Thus they are also called as __________
1. George Palade
2. Palade Particles
48
The 2 sub units of Ribosomes are joined by
Mg 2+
49
Which organelle is called as Universal Organelle
Ribosomes as it is present in both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
50
Lysosomes were Named by
de Duve
51
Ribosomes are Composed of
1. R RNA
2. Proteins
52
What are the 2 types of protein synthesis by ribosome
1. Non secretory protein by the ribosomes present in the cytoplasm
2. Secretory Protein by ribosomes present on the E.R.
53
What is lumen?
It is the space enclosed by a membrane
54
The ER divides the intercellular space into two compartments, they are __________
1. Luminal Compartments
2. Extra Luminal Compartments
55
The ultrastructure of ER consists of ___________. State their function
1. Cisternae - Ribosomes attached, Helps in protein Synthesis
2. Vesicles
3.Tubules - No ribosomes, helps in steroid and lipid synthesis
56
There is 1 cisternae in the Golgi of Fungi and it is called ______
Uni cisternal Golgi
57
Mitochondria Divide by _____
fission
58
Contractile Vacuole is present in ________- for___________
1. Amoeba
2. Excretion and osmoregulation
59
Name the different types of cytoskeleton
1. Microtubules
2. Micro Filament
3. Intermediate Particles
60
What is the diameter of Microtubules
25 nanometer
61
where is microtubules present?
It is present in the basal body of cilia and flagella, Centrioles and spindle fibers and cytoplasmic matrix
62
which protein is Microtubules made up of
alpha and beta tubulin protein, which is Non Contractile protein
63
what is cytokinesis
It is the division of cytoplasm
64
Intermediate Filament are present around _______
nucleus
65
Intermediate filament is made up of ______- protein and is __________ in nature
1. Acidic Protein
2. Non contractile
66
Microfilament is made up of ________ protein which is ________ protein
1. actin
2. Contractile
67
Microfilament are found associated with _______
P.M.
68
what is Centrosome made up of ?
It is made up of two Cylindrical Structures called as Centrioles
69
Centrosomes are absent in
Higher Plants
70
Centrosphere is also called as
Kinoplasm
71
Centrosomes are also called as
Diplosomes
72
Massulae is also called as _______ or ________
1. Pericentriolar satellite
2. MTG Microtubule Generator
73
What are the function of Centrosomes
1. Helps in Formation of Basal body of cilia and flagella
2. helps in spindle fiber formation
74
The arrangement in centrioles is called as ____ or __________
1. 9+0 arrangement
2. Cartwheel arrangement
75
The core of cilia and flagella is called as
Axoneme
76
Dynein has which enzyme
ATPase Enzyme that helps to break ATP
77
Nucleus was discovered by _________ in the year __________
1. Robert Brown
2. 1831
78
Which protein links Microtubules
Nexin
79
Cilia and flagella have _________ arrangement. and the total no of microtubules=
9+2 arrangement
9*2 = 18 + 2 = 20
18 periphery
2 at Center
80
In Cilia and flagella there are Microtubular___________
Doublets
81
What is the function of Nuclear Pore
It helps in Bidirectional Movement of Materials
82
The name chromatin was given by ______-
Flemming
83
Nucleus was discovered by ______ in ______.
1. Robert Brown
2. 1831
84
Chromatin are converted into chromosomes using which protein
Histone Protein
85
Anucleated cell ex..
1. Mature mammalian RBCs
2. Mature Sieve Tubes
86
Site of m RNA synthesis in Nucleus
Neucoplasm
87
Site of r RNA synthesis
Nucleolus
88
Nuclear Pore helps in _____
Bidirectional Movement of substances
89
Chromatin is stained by
1. Acetocarmine
2. Fuelgen stain
90
Chromatid has two regions, they are
1. Heterochromatin Region
2. Euchromatin Region
91
Telomere is rich in ________
and it prevents _________.
1. Amino Acids
2. Shortening of Chromosomes
92
What is the function of Kinetochore
It provides site for attachment of Spindle Fiber
93
Centromere is the ________ of DNA
Primary Constriction of DNA
94
The secondary constriction of DNA is
Satellite
95
Chromosomes with Single chromatids are _______ and with double Chromatids are ______________.
1. Monad Chromosomes
2. Dyad Chromosomes
96
In Humans we have ____ pair of satellite chromosomes they are ____.
1. 5
2. 13, 14, 15, 21, 22
97
DNA Thread is also called as ________.
Chromonemata
98
The 4 types of Chromosomes are
1. Metacentric Chromosomes
2. Sub Metacentric Chromosomes
3. Acrocentric Chromosomes
4. Telocentric Chromosomes
99
What are the 4 shapes of Chromosomes
V, J, L and I
100
What is a karyotype
Features by which a particular set of chromosomes is identified
101
the graphical representation of Karyotype is
Idiogram
102
Which Chromosome acquires I shape during anaphase
Telocentric Chromosomes
103
which chromosome has two equal arms or ________ arms?
1. Metacentric Chromosome
2. Isobrachial
104
In human males the Y chromosome is a/an ________ chromosome
Acrocentric Chromosome
105
What are the types of Microbodies
1. Peroxisomes
2. Sphaerosomes
3. Glyoxysomes
106
What are the types of Microbodies
1. Peroxisomes
2. Sphaerosomes
3. Glyoxysomes
107
Enzyme for breakdown of Peroxide
Catalase
108
What is also called as Plant Lysosome
Sphaerosomes
109
What is Glycoxylate Cycle? It is also Known as
Fat is converted into Carbohydrates
Also known as Gluconeogenesis
