CH BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION Flashcards
1
Q
Aristotle classified animals into
A
- Anaima- RBCs are absent
- Enaima- RBCs are present
2
Q
Two kingdom system of classification did not distinguish between
A
- Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
- Unicellular and Multicellular
- Photosynthetic and Non Photosynthetic
3
Q
Six Kingdom Classification was Given by _______. It is also k/a
A
Carl Woese
3 Domain System - Eukarya, Archae, Bacteria
4
Q
The 3 domains are said to be formed from a common ancestor k/a
A
Progenote
5
Q
Who gave the Five kingdom system of Classification
A
R.H. Whittaker
6
Q
The first inhabitants of Earth belong to kingdom __________ and are _________
A
- Monera
- Bacteria
7
Q
In which Bacteria Cell Wall is Absent
A
Mycoplasma
8
Q
The most Common Form of Bacteria is
A
Rod Shaped Organism BACILLUS
9
Q
The pigment present in Bacteria for Photosynthesis are
A
- Bacteriochlorophyll also k/a Bacteriopurpurin
- Bacteriovirdin
10
Q
Purple Sulphur Bacteria, eg. _________ contains pigment _________
A
- Thiospirillum
- Bacteriochlorophyll or Bacteriopurpurin
11
Q
Green Sulphur Bacteria, eg. ___________ contains pigment _______
A
- Chlorobium limicola
- Bacteriovirdin
12
Q
The sources of Electron in Bacteria is
A
- Thiosulphate
- Hydrogen Sulphide
13
Q
Chemosynthetic autotrophs do not utilise ________ as energy
A
Light
14
Q
Which bacteria on the basis of mode of nutrition are the most abundant in nature
A
Heterotrophic
15
Q
The most common mode of asexual reproduction in bacteria is
A
Binary Fission
16
Q
What are the steps involved in Binary Fission
A
- Replication of DNA
- Mesosome division and membrane formation
- Cross Wall Formation
17
Q
What is Endospore?
A
Cells of certain bacteria form a thick walled, highly resistant bodies within the cell called endospore
18
Q
What are the ways in which Sexual Recombination occurs in bacteria
A
- Conjugation
- Transduction
- Transformation
19
Q
Archaebacteria are Gram positive or Gram negative Bacteria
A
Gram Negative
20
Q
The cell wall in Archaebacteria contains
A
NAT- N- acetyltalosamiuronic acid
21
Q
Describe the mode of Nutrition, mode of Respiration and Examples of
1. Methanogens
2. Thermoacidophiles
3. Halophiles
A
- Methanogens - Chemosynthetic autotrophs, obligate anaerobe, Methanococcus, Methanobacterium
- Thermoacidophiles -Chemosynthetic autotroph, facultative anaerobes, Thermoplasma and Thermoproteus
- Halophiles- Heterotrophs, Facultative anaerobes , Halococcus, Halobacterium
22
Q
Bacteria involved in vinegar production
A
Acetobacter aceti
23
Q
Petroleum pollution controlling bacteria
A
pseudomonas putida (super bug)
24
Q
Bacteria involved in retting of fibers
A
- Clostridium perfringens
- Pseudomonas fluorescence
25
bacteria involved in curing of tea leaves and tobacco leaves respectively
1. Micrococcus candidans
2. Bacillus megatherium
26
Bacteria involved in curd, cheese, yogurt production
Lactobacillus, Streptococcus lactis
27
Symbiotically Nitrogen fixing bacteria
Rhizobium, Xanthomonas, Frankia
28
Free living Nitrogen Fixing bacteria
Azotobacter, Clostridium, Klebsiella, Beijerinckia
29
Ammonifying bacteria examples
Bacillus vulgaris, B .ramosus
30
Bacteria that produce antibiotics
1. Bacitracin - bacillus licheniformis
2. Subtilin - B. subtilis
31
Identify the bacteria causing the following disease
1. Citrus Canker
2. Tetanus
3. Typhoid
4. Cholera
1. Xanthomonas citri
2. Clostridium tetani
3. Salmonella typhi
4. Vibrio cholera
32
Halophiles contain a pigment in the membrane that makes it purple , which is
Bacterio-rhodopsin
33
Cyanobacteria are also k/a
Blue Green Algae
34
Cyanobacteria are Gram Positive or Gram Negative bacteria
Gram negative bacteria
35
the most primitive organism to perform oxygenic photosynthesis
BGA
36
BGA living endozoically inside protozoans are called
Cyanelle
37
Nostoc is a
Filamentous Blue green Algae
38
Nitrogen Fixation in Nostoc manly occurs in large specialised cells k/a
Heterocyst
39
What are the different modes of Asexual Reproduction in BGA
Binary fission
Hormogonia
heterocyst
fragmentation
Akinetes
40
What is the reason for Hormogonia
Due to formation of biconcave, mucilage filled dead cells called necridia in b/w living cells of trichome, the filament breaks into Hormogonia
41
BGA played an important role in the evolution of which life form
Aerobic Life Form
42
Which kingdom shows the most extensive metabolism
Bacteria
43
Source of SCP or protein rich animal food is
Spirulina
44
Bacteria are __________ in structure and __________ in behaviour
Bacteria are simple in structure and complex in behaviour
45
Why are Cyanobacteria not considered as Virus
As they can replicate in abiotic medium having sterols
46
which Cyanobacteria fix nitrogen non symbiotically in rice field
Tolypothrix and Aulosira
47
what is the mode of Nutrition in Mycoplasma
Heterotrophic mostly parasitic and a few are Saprophytic
48
Which Bacteria is Pleomorphic
Mycoplasma
49
PPLO stands for and why is it called so
Pleuropneumonia like organism as it was found from pleural fluid of cattles suffering from pleuropneumonia
50
Who discovered mycoplasma
E. Nocard and E.R. Roux
51
_______ are said to be the ancestor of all multicellular eukaryotes
Protista
52
the term protista was coined by
Ernst Haeckel
53
3 Kingdom system of classification was given by and it included
Ernst Haeckel
kingdom Plantae, Animalia, Protista
54
Protozoans are classified into
1. Flagellated Protozoans
2. Ciliated protozoans
3. Amoeboid Protozoans
4. Sporozoans
55
protistan algae constitute the major portion of
phytoplanktons
56
Photosynthetic Protist are subdivided into
1. Diatoms
2. Dinoflagellates
3. Euglenoids
57
_________ are responsible for almost 50% of the organic matter synthesized in the Biosphere
Diatoms
58
Diatoms lack flagella except in their _________ stage
reproductive stage
59
which Protista is a good indicator of water pollution
Diatoms
60
the cell wall of Diatoms gives _______ like appearance. the upper layer and lower layer are k/a
soap box appearance
1. Epitheca and Hypotheca
61
Diatoms are called
Crysophytes
62
the cell wall in Diatoms is made up of ______ and is responsible for forming
Silica
Diatomaceous earth/ diatomite/ kieselguhr
63
the reserve food in diatoms is _______ and a polysaccharide k/a
oils
Leucosin (chrysolaminarin)
64
What are the examples of Photosynthetic protists
1. Diatoms
2. Dinoflagellates
3. Euglenoid
65
The resting spores in Diatoms are k/a
STATOSPORE
66
The mode of nutrition in Diatoms is ______
Holophytic or photoautotrophic
67
the chief producers of ocean are
Chrysophytes or Diatom
68
The pigments present in Diatoms are
chlorophyll a and c, beta carotene, diatoxanthin, diadinoxanthin and FUCOXANTHIN
69
The body of dinoflagellates is enclosed by a rigid coat called
theca or lorica
70
The pigments in Dinoflagellates are
chlorophyll a and c, beta and alpha carotene, xanthophyll
70
The reserved food in dinoflagellates is
Carbohydrates and oil
71
Dinoflagellates release a toxin k/a ________ in the sea water which cause the disease _____ in man
Saxitoxin
PSP Paralytic shell fish poisoning
72
The flagella in dinoflagellates are _________ i.e. one is __________ and the other is ___________
Heterokont i.e. different
1. Longitudinal 2. Transverse
73
Both Flagella in Pyrrophyta are inclined at 90 thus they give a ___________ appearance
Whirling whip
74
Dinoflagellates proliferate in large number and cause _______ of the sea. E.G.
Red tide
Gonyaulax and Gymnodinium
75
Some dinoflagellates show Bioluminescence i.e. emit light and thus are called as
FIRE OF THE OCEAN
76
Protista that are unicellular, motile and bi-flagellated
Dinoflagellates
77
Which photosynthetic Protist usually lacks Flagella
Diatoms
78
The reserve food material in Euglenoids is
Paramylon i.e. beta 1 -3 glucans
79
Euglenoid are found in
fresh water usually stagnant water
80
In Euglenoids cell wall is absent but a proteinaceous structure is present k/a
Pellicle
81
Oblique but parallely arranged strips in pellicle is k/a
Myonemes
82
The Euglenoid movement is k/a
Metaboly
83
The eye spot also k/a ______ contains a photosensitive red orange pigment k/a ______
stigma, astaxanthin
84
In the area of union of two flagella in euglenoid there is presence of ________
photosensitive paraflagellar body
85
Under favorable condition, Euglenoid reproduce by
Longitudinal binary fission
86
During unfavorable condition, euglenoid form ________- and __________
palmella stage
cyst
87
Sexual reproduction is not known in which of the Photosynthetic Protists
Euglenoid
88
________ Vacuole is present in the Euglenoids and it helps in
Contractile Vacuole
It helps in Osmoregulation and excretion
89
Diatoms have ______ meiosis as they have _________ life cycle
Gametic
Diplontic Life Cycle
90
Zygote formed during sexual Reproduction in Diatoms are k/a
Auxospore
91
Gymnodium performs which type of meiosis
Zygotic Meiosis
92
Noctiluca is a _______ that performs _________ meiosis
Dinoflagellate
Gametic Meiosis
93
_________ protist is the connecting link b/w animals fungi and plant and why?
Slime Moulds
animal like feature - plasmodium is without cell wall
fungi like feature - Fruiting bodies are formed
plant like feature - cell wall around spores
94
________ phase of slime mould resembles with plants
reproductive
95
The mode of nutrition in slime mould is k/a
Saprobic and phagotrophic
96
Slime Moulds are found
on rotting log of wood, creeping over debris like fallen leaves
97
Sporozoans are found
They are endoparasite
98
Paramoecium is an example of
Ciliated Protozoans
99
Which protozoan has silica shell in some form
Amoeboid Protozoans
100
Special Feature of Sporozoans is
Infectious spore like feature stage is present in life cycle
101
The fungi have a ______ life cycle
Haploid
101
Fungi are mostly found in which habitat
Terrestrial
102
Uni cisternal Golgi is present in
Fungi
103
The cell wall of Fungi is made up of
Chitin which is a homopolymer of NAG
104
Chitin is also k/a
Fungal Cellulose
105
The Reserve Food material in Fungi is
Oil and Glycogen
106
Which Fungi is k/a Imperfect Fungi and Why
Deuteromycetes are k/a Imperfect Fungi because they lack Sexual mode of Reproduction
107
What are the steps involved in Sexual Reproduction
1. Plasmogamy - Fusion of Protoplasm
2. Karyogamy - Fusion of Nucleus
3. Zygotic Meiosis
108
What is the fungi called if it is found on
i) Wood
ii) keratin
iii) burnt wood
iv) bark
v) cow dung
Wood - epixylic
Keratin - Keratinophilous
Burnt wood - xylophilous
Bark- corticolous
cow dung - coprophilous
109
The body of the fungi is not differentiated and is thus k/a
Thalloid
110
All fungi are multicellular except _____ and ______
Yeast and Synchytrium
111
A multinucleate hyphae of fungi is named as
Coenocytic
112
What is Hyphae and what is mycelium
The fungal body is made up of thread like elongated structure k/a Hyphae.
The hyphae cris-cross with one another to form mycelium
113
There are two distinctive phases in Fungi Life Cycle they are
1. Vegetative or assimilative phase
2. Reproductive phase
114
The pores in septum of are of two types
1. Simple Central Pores
2.Dolipore Septum
115
What is the difference b/w Holocarpic and Eucarpic
Fungal Bodies in which the whole cell gets transformed into reproductive structure is k//a HOLOCARPIC.
Fungal bodies in which a part of mycelium is used up in the development of reproductive structure is k/a EUCARPIC.
116
What are Mitospores
Spores produced during asexual reproduction in fungi are formed by mitotic division and are thus called as MITOSPORES
117
Phycomycetes is also k/a
Primitive Fungi as Septa is Absent
118
Which Fungi is also k/a as algal Fungi and why?
Oomycetes is also k/a algal fungi, this is because it is found in the water and cell wall has cellulose
119
Which Fungi is also k/a Conjugation Fungi
Zygomycetes
120
Ascomycets are also k/a
Sac Fungi
121
Which Fungi is called as Club Fungi
Basidiomycetes
122
In which Type of Fungi Asexual Reproduction is absent
In Basidiomycetes Asexual Reproduction is absent but vegetative reproduction occurs via fragmentation
123
What are the steps involved in Sexual Reproduction of Fungi
1. Plasmogamy - fusion of protoplast
*additional Dikaryon (n + n) stage is seen in b/w plasmogamy and karyogamy
2. Karyogamy - Nuclear Fission
3. Zygotic Meiosis
124
Haploid spores produced exogenously
Basidiospore
125
Haploid Spores produced endogenously are
Ascospore
126
The asexual and sexual spores in oomycetes is
Zoospore - asexual
Oospore - Sexual
127
The asexual and sexual spore in Zygomycetes is
Sporangiospore - asexual spore
Zygospore - sexual spore
128
The parasitic fungi on mustard causing white rust of leaves is
Albugo candida
129
The asexual and sexual spores in Ascomycetes is
Conidia - Asexual
Ascospore - sexual
130
The common examples of Zygomycetes are
Rhizopus and Mucor- Dung Mould
131
Female sex organ in Ascomycetes is called as
ascogonium
132
______ which is also k/a the weed of laboratory is which type of Fungi
Aspergillus - It is an ascomycete
133
What is the name of bread mould
Rhizopus
134
Neurospora which is a ___ type of fungi is k//a
Ascomycete - Drosophila of plant Kingdom
135
Which is the most advanced and commonly seen Fungi
Basidiomycetes
136
Which is the most dominant phase of life cycle of Basidiomycetes
Secondary Mycelium
137
The site of Karyogamy and meiosis in Ascomycetes is
Ascus
138
The fruiting bodies in ascomycetes and basidiomycetes are
Ascocarp and Basidiocarp
139
The structure in basidiomycetes in which karyogamy and meiosis occurs is k/a
Basidia
140
The asexual Reproduction body of Deuteromycetes is
Conidia
141
the asexual reproduction body of Ascomycetes
Conidia
142
What are the three Examples of Deuteromycetes
Trichoderma, Alternaria, Colletotrichum
143
Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association of
Fungal roots and Higher plants
144
Plants with mycorrhiza lack
root cap and root hair
145
What are the two types of mycorrhiza
1. Endomycorrhiza
2. Ectomycorrhiza
146
VAM stands for
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza
147
Eg of Endomycorrhiza
Orchid roots
148
Eg of Ectomycorrhiza
Pinus root
149
In ectomycorrhiza the major group of fungi are
Basidiomycetes
150
In Endomycorrhiza the major group of Fungi are
Zygomycetes
151
The most efficient means of asexual reproduction in lichen is
Soredia
152
What are the different means by which Lichens reproduce
1. Progressive death and decay
2. Fragmentation
3. Isidia
4. Soredia
153
The Fungal partner and the algal partner are k/a
1. Mycobiont
2. Phycobiont
154
Viruses are exception to the
cell theory
155
Viruses are connecting links b/w
Living and non living entities
156
The term Virus means
Venom or Poisonous Fluid
157
The study of Virus is k/a
Virology
158
An inert virus is called as
Virion
159
Viruses that infect bacteria are called
Bacteriophages
160
Prions are discovered by
Alper et al.
161
The Mad Cow disease is also k/a
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
161
The smallest self replicating particles are k/a
Viroids
162
What are the different examples of Basidiomycetes
Agaricus, Ustilago, Puccinia
163
what are the two main types of reproduction in viruses
Phagic
Pinocytic
164
Phagic reproduction is of two types
Lytic- T4 Bacteriophage
Lysogenic- lambda phage
165
Viroids cause diseases in ______, the diseases include
PSTD - Potato spindle tuber disease
Chrysanthemum stunt
Citrus Exocortis
166
Viroids are devoid of
Protein coat
167
Viroids were discovered by
Diener
168
Virusoids were discovered by
Randle et. al.
169
Plant Viruses are also k/a _______.
what is the common genetic material in them
Phytophagineae - ss RNA
170
Bacterial Viruses contain which Genetic material
ds DNA
171
Animal Viruses are also k/a ______
what is the common type of genetic material
Zoophagineae
ss or ds RNA or dsDNA
172
What are the smaller units of Capsids
Capsomere
173
In which reproduction of viruses the whole of virus enters the cell
Pinocytic
174
In TMV the ratio of Capsomere : Nucleotide is
2130 : 6400 = 1:3
175
Who demonstrated that infected plants of tobacco could cause infection in healthy plant
M.W. Beijernick
176
What does Contagium Vivum Fluid mean
Infectious living fluid
177
Who crystallized viruses for the first time? He crystallized which virus
W.M. Stanley crystallized TMV
178
What did D.J Ivanowsky discover
He discovered that certain microbes can pass through bacterial filter
