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OrFac > CH 8: Oral Embryology > Flashcards

CH 8: Oral Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

______ is the study of prenatal development throughout the stages before birth.

A

Embryology.

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2
Q

______ is the study of the structure and function of tissue on a microscopic level.

A

Histology.

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3
Q

What are the three periods of prenatal development?

A

Preimplantation period, embryonic period, and fetal period.

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4
Q

Which period of prenatal development is the most critical, and why?

A

The embryonic period is the most critical because during there weeks, development begins in all major structured of the body.

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5
Q

What are the three primary embryonic layers?

A

Ectoderm (outer layer), mesoderm (middle layer), and endoderm (inner layer).

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6
Q

Which branchial arch forms the bones, muscles, nerves of the face, and lower lip?

A

The first branch known as the mandibular arch.

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7
Q

Which branchial arch forms the side and front of the neck?

A

The second branch known as the hyoid arch.

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8
Q

What week of prenatal development does the palate begin to form?

A

The fifth week.

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9
Q

What are the three stages of palate formation?

A
  1. Formation of the primary palate.
  2. Formation of the secondary palate.
  3. Fusion of the palate.
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10
Q

What month does the developmental stage of the human face occur?

A

4 month.

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11
Q

When the embryo is __ to __ weeks old, the first signs of tooth development are found in the anterior mandibular region.

A

5 to 6 weeks old.

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12
Q

By the ___ week, all primary teeth are developed and the development of permanent teeth has begun.

A

17th week.

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13
Q

What are the stages of tooth development and what are their time spans?

A
  1. Initiation stage. 6th-7th week
  2. Bud stage. 8th week
  3. Cap Stage. 9th-10th week
  4. Bell stage. 11th-12th week
  5. Appostion stage. varies per tooth
  6. Maturation stage. varies per tooth
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14
Q

What happens in the initiation stage?

A

(Induction) Ectoderm lining stomodeum gives rise to oral epithelium and then to the dental lamina, adjacent to deeper mesenchyme and neural crest cells and separated by a basement membrane.

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15
Q

What happens in the bud stage?

A

(Proliferation) Growth of dental lamina into the bud that penetrates growing mesenchyme.

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16
Q

What happens during the cap stage?

A

(Proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis) Enamel organ forms into cap, surrounding mass of dental papilla from the mesenchyme and surrounded by mass of dental sac also from mesenchyme: formation of the tooth germ.

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17
Q

What happens during the bell stage?

A

(Proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis) Differentiation of enamel organ into bell with four cell types and dental papilla into two cell types.

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18
Q

What happens in the apposition stage?

A

(Induction, proliferation) Dental tissue secreted as matrix in successive layers.

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19
Q

What happens in the maturation stage?

A

(Maturation) Dental tissue fully mineralize to their mature levels.

20
Q

How old is the embryo when the first signs of tooth development are found?

A

5 to 6 weeks old.

21
Q

_______ are poor tooth position or contact.

A

Malocclusions.

22
Q

What are the two major categories of factors that can adversely influence dental development?

A

Genetic factors and environmental factors.

23
Q

What cells are responsible for new bone formation?

A

Osteoblast. (happens in deposition)

24
Q

What cells are responsible for the removal of bone?

A

Osteoclast. (happens in resorption)

25
Q

What is the process of adding bone?

A

Deposition.

26
Q

What is the process of bone loss or removal?

A

Resorption.

27
Q

______ describes the growth and changes in the shape of existing bone.

A

Remodeling.

28
Q

The process of tooth formation is called ________.

A

Odontogenesis.

29
Q

What are the three primary periods in odontogenesis (tooth formation)?

A

Growth, calcification, and eruption.

30
Q

What are the three growth periods?

A

Bud, cap, and bell.

31
Q

The ____ stage is the beginning of the development for each tooth. Starting with the formation of dental lamina that follows the curve of each developing dental arch that produce 10 enlargements in each arch
(tooth buds) for the primary teeth.

A

The bud stage. (initiation)

32
Q

____ _____ is a thickened band of oral epithelium that follows the curve of each developing arch.

A

Dental Lamina.

33
Q

During the _____ stage the cells of the tooth grow and increase in numbers which case regular changes in size and proportion of the developing tooth, and the solid-looking tooth bud changes into a hollow caplike shape.

A

The cap stage. (proliferation)

34
Q

The ______ _____ is the gingivae between the teeth.

A

Dental papilla.

35
Q

The ____ _____ is part of a developing tooth destined to produce enamel.

A

Enamel organ.

36
Q

During the _____ stage, the cells differentiate and become specialized in a process called histodifferentiation were ameloblast become odontoblast (dentin-forming cells), inner cells of the dental sac become cementoblast (cementum-forming cells). As the tooth continues to change resembling a bell, the dental lamina breaks.

A

The bell stage.

37
Q

____ are cells that form enamel.

A

Ameloblast.

38
Q

_____ are cells that form cementum.

A

Cementoblast.

39
Q

_____ are cells that form dentin.

A

Odontoblast.

40
Q

______ is the process by which the structural outline formed during the growth stage is hardened by deposits of calcium and other mineral salts.

A

Calcification.

41
Q

______ is movement of the tooth into its functional position in the oral cavity

A

Eruption.

42
Q

Active eruption of the primary tooth involves many stages in movement of the tooth, and the period of tissue disintegration that causes inflammation is known as __________.

A

Teething.

43
Q

______ or ______ is the normal process by which primary teeth are lost a succedaneous teeth develop. (osteoclast cause resorption starting at the apex)

A

Shedding or exfoliation.

44
Q

When a tooth has several cusps, what structures are formed when the cusps join together?

A

Pits and fissures.

45
Q

What is the name of the process by which teeth move into the oral cavity?

A

Eruption.

46
Q

When is the embryonic period?

A

2nd week to the 8th week.

OrFac (7 decks)

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