Ch 8 Structures and Processes of Life: Humans Flashcards
what is specialisation
the adaptation of a cell, tissue, organ or system to carry out a special job
what is division
separate jobs carried out by different parts of an organism
what are the two types of digestion
- physical digestion
2. chemical digestion
what are the rice stages of human nutrition
- Ingestion - food is taken in the mouth
- Digestion - food is broke. down into molecules
- Absorption - molecules are passed into blood and carried to cells of the body
- Assimilation - food is used for energy and to build cells
- Egestion- undigested food is released
what are the four types of teeth and their purposes
incisors- cutting and slicing
canines- grasping and tearing
premolars- crushing and grinding
molars- crushing and grinding
what is the chemical that digests starch to maltose in the mouth
amylase
what does the stomach do
- temporarily stores food
- releases digestive juices
- hydrochloride acid kills bacteria
- physically churns
what does the small intestine do
- complete breakdown of food
- covered in hairs called villi which provide an increased surface area to allow food to be absorbed into the bloodstream
what does the pancreas do
produces digestive enzymes that slide into the small intestine
what does the liver do
- detoxification of alcohol
- regulates body temperature
- produces bile to help digest fats
what does the large intestine do
- reabsorbs water into the blood
what does the rectum and the anus do
- temporarily stored faeces
- releases faeces
what are the three roles of the circulatory system
- transport 2. defense against disease 3. homeostasis
what is plasma and what does it do
plasma is the liquid part of blood. It transports dissolved substances around the body, carried heat around the body and blood cells
what do red blood cells do
red blood cells transport oxygen to cells. it contains a red pigment called haemoglobin
what do white blood cells do
protect us from disease
what are platelets
tiny fragments of larger cells that help the blood to clot
what are the types of blood vessels
arteries - carry blood away from the heart
veins- carry blood to heart
capillaries- the blood vessels link arteries and veins
how does the heart pump blood
blood with little O2 and lots of CO2 enters the right atrium through the venue cavae.
then the blood is pumped from the right atrium through the cuspid valve and into the right ventricle.
the right ventricle pushes the blood out through the semilunar valve and it leaves through the pulmonary artery
the pulmonary artery then delivers deoxygenated blood to the lungs where the oxygen is taken into the blood and the carbon dioxide is lost.
the pulmonary vein brings the oxgygenated blood into the left atrium which is then pumped through the cuspid valve and into the left ventricle. the blood is pushed through the semilunar valve and leaves through the aorta and is distributed to all the cells of the body.
the molecules in the blood exchange at the capillaries. the capillaries unite to form veins which collect into venae cavae that return to the right atrium
what is the pulse
a wave of vibration that passes through an artery in response to blood being forced out of the left ventricle
what is the purpose of the mouth and nose
air enters through here
- mucus in nose remove dust and microorganisms
what is the pharynx
the throat
what is the larynx
the voice box
what does the trachea do
it allows the air to flow from the pharynx to the bronchus
