ch. 8 study guide questions

Question 1

how does abrasion cause deposition and erosion

Answer 1

abrasion breaks the rock into smaller pieces making it easier to be removed

Question 2

how does vegetation affect erosion

Answer 2

more vegetation = less runoff which causes amt of erosion

Question 3

Contrast an alluvial fan and a delta

Answer 3

alluvial fan: opens up at mountain base; delta: river opens into a large body of water

Question 4

what determines the amount of runoff that occurs in an area

Answer 4

amt of rain, vegetation, soil, shape of land, land use

Question 5

define 2 types of wind erosion

Answer 5

deflation and abrasion

Question 6

what’s the diff between a barchan dune and transverse dune

Answer 6

barchan: crescent shaped, has horns points in direction of wind transverse: lines/ridges of sand, perpendicular to wind direction

Question 7

what causes a river to flow quickly and slow?

Answer 7

quick: straight lines
slow: more curves

Question 8

whats the process of creating a river

Answer 8

starts with rills, then makes a gully/channel, goes to a stream, and then into a river

Question 9

what happens to rainfall at earths surface

Answer 9

either evaporates, soaked up by plants, groundwater, or runoff

Question 10

how does carbonic acid form and what effect does it have on rock

Answer 10

carbon dioxide + water; creates a weak acid

Question 11

how are currents formed

Answer 11

coriolis effect

Question 12

whats the diff between a cont. glacier and valley

Answer 12

cont: covers an entire continent near poles valley: covers floor of valley between 2 mountains

Question 13

whats groundwater and how does it flow

Answer 13

water that moves beneath earths surface; follows shape of the land

Question 14

how does the coriolis effect influence how wind+water flow in northern hemisphere + southern hemisphere

Answer 14

NH: clockwise
SH: counterclockwise

Question 15

how can waves erode

Answer 15

breaking at shoreline + striking rock cliffs w/great force, driving water into cracks in the bedrock, abrasion by the sediments carried by the water, dissolving certain minerals

Question 16

where is wind erosion most effective

Answer 16

deserts, coastlines, beaches, sand dunes

Question 17

Wind erosion is most effective in

Answer 17

dry areas with loose soil

Question 18

What contributes to the amount of erosion and load of a river?

Answer 18

slope, shape, and discharge of the river

Question 19

A force that opposes motion and slows down water

Answer 19

friction

Question 20

What river feature is a result of erosion of soft rock from around harder rock?

Answer 20

rapid

Question 21

What river feature appears as a low lying area on the banks of a river?

Answer 21

floodplain

Question 22

What river erosion feature has areas of hard rock that erodes slowly followed by an area of softer rock eroding fast?

Answer 22

waterfall

Question 23

The amount of sediment that the river can erode and deposit is the

Answer 23

carrying capacity

Question 24

What do we call an area of land that has many tunnels caused by water erosion?

Answer 24

karst topography

Question 25

Sediment enters a river through

Answer 25

runoff, abrasion, erosion of river banks