chapter 10 vocab

Question 1

passing of traits from parent to offspring

Answer 1

heredity

Question 2

meiosis

Answer 2

nuclear division of a sex cell

Question 3

joining of sex cells creating a zygote

Answer 3

fertilization

Question 4

sex cells

Answer 4

gametes

Question 5

each plant contains both male and female reproductive structures

Answer 5

self pollinate

Question 6

when pollen from one plant fertilizes the ovule of a flower on a diff plant

Answer 6

cross pollinating

Question 7

a plant that receives different genetic info from each parent

Answer 7

hybrid

Question 8

genetic instructions/ genetic code for a single trait

Answer 8

genotype

Question 9

the appearance/ expression of the code

Answer 9

phenotype

Question 10

trait

Answer 10

characteristic of an organism

Question 11

one set of instructions for inherited traits

Answer 11

gene

Question 12

Different forms of a gene

Answer 12

alleles

Question 13

what do we use to represent the dominant allele

Answer 13

capital letters

Question 14

what do we use to represent the recessive allele

Answer 14

lower case letters

Question 15

all genes come in…

Answer 15

pairs

Question 16

both alleles are identical (PP or pp)

Answer 16

HOMOzygous

Question 17

both alleles are different (Pp)

Answer 17

HETEROzygous

Question 18

the likelihood that an event will happen; why do we use it

Answer 18

probability we use it to predict genetic outcome

Question 19

prophase I

Answer 19

pairs of homologous chromosomes

Question 20

metaphase I

Answer 20

homologous chromosome pair line up in the center of the nucleus

Question 21

anaphase I

Answer 21

Chromosomes separate and move to the opposite ends of the nucleus

Question 22

telophase I and cytokinesis I

Answer 22

Chromosomes reach opposite sides of the cell
New nuclear membrane forms
The new nucleus each contains a chromosome with 2 chromatids
The cell divides

Question 23

prophase II

Answer 23

No replication takes place
Each cell contains one chromosome from the homologous pair

Question 24

metaphase II

Answer 24

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Question 25

anaphase II

Answer 25

Chromatids separate Move towards the poles (opposite sides of the nucleus)

Question 26

telophase II and cytokinesis II

Answer 26

Nuclear membrane forms around the chromosome 4 new cells are formed each with half the number of chromosomes

Question 27

meiosis end prodcuts

Answer 27

4 daughter cells - 23 chromosomes each; create either an egg or sperm cell

Question 28

t or f traits are passed on from offspring to parents

Answer 28

false its parents to offspring

Question 29

t of f traits are passed on by genes

Answer 29

true

Question 30

t or f diff genes control diff traits

Answer 30

true

Question 31

t or f genes form chromosomes

Answer 31

true

Question 32

t or f every organism has the same number of chromosomes

Answer 32

false every organism has a SPECIFIC number

Question 33

t or f body cells have paired chromosomes

Answer 33

true

Question 34

t or f gametes have paired chromosomes

Answer 34

false they have single sets of chromosomes

Question 35

time between cell division

Answer 35

cell cycle

Question 36

contains DNA + proteins: found in nucleus, replicate+divide during cellular reproduction

Answer 36

chromosomes

Question 37

half a chromosome

Answer 37

chromatid

Question 38

center location between 2 sister chromatids

Answer 38

centromere

Question 39

2 sets of chromosomes

Answer 39

homologous chromosomes

Question 40

division of entire cell

Answer 40

cytokinesis

Question 41

offspring have the same traits as the parents

Answer 41

true breeding

Question 42

when the phenotype of the heterozygote is an intermediate between the dominant + recessive traits

Answer 42

incomplete dominance

Question 43

passed down by an x or y chromosome of another fam member

Answer 43

sex linked disorders

Question 44

carry the sex genes (x + y)

Answer 44

sex chromosomes

Question 45

used to trace traits

Answer 45

pedigree

Question 46

nuclear division of body cells

Answer 46

mitosis

Question 47

non sex chromosomes

Answer 47

autosome

Question 48

egg or sperm; contain one set of chromosomes

Answer 48

haploid cells

Question 49

contain two sets of chromosomes; all cells are this except sex cells

Answer 49

diploid cells

Question 50

cell division of single cells organisms

Answer 50

binary fission

Question 51

regrowth of a body part

Answer 51

regeneration

Question 52

a new organism grows from the body part of a parent organism

Answer 52

budding

Question 53

law that states traits are given by parent randomly

Answer 53

law 0of segregation

Question 54

states that separate genes are passed independently from the parent to offspring

Answer 54

law of independent assortment

Question 55

most common method of determining probability of an event

Answer 55

punnett squares

Question 56

when the phenotype of a heterozygote expresses both traits

Answer 56

codominance

Question 57

in pedigrees what does a triangle or circle represent

Answer 57

female

Question 58

in pedigrees what does a square represent

Answer 58

male

Question 59

in pedigrees what does a unfilled shape represent

Answer 59

not affected (AA)

Question 60

in pedigrees what does a filled shape represent

Answer 60

affected (aa)

Question 61

in pedigrees what does a half filled shape represent

Answer 61

carrier (Aa)

Question 62

when organisms have desirable traits + are mated with another organism w/ desirable traits

Answer 62

selective breeding

Question 63

represented by uppercase letter/s, always seen

Answer 63

dominant

Question 64

represented by lowercase letter, sometimes hidden

Answer 64

recessive

Question 65

diff between a pure and hybrid

Answer 65

purebred: same genetic info hybrid: diff genetic info

Question 66

purpose of a punnett square

Answer 66

determining probability of an event with traits

Question 67

Binary fission produces 2 identical cells t or f

Answer 67

true

Question 68

Eukaryotic cells have chromosomes that are found in the __________________ of the cell.

Answer 68

nucleus

Question 68

The part of the cell that helps move chromosomes away from the middle.

Answer 68

centriole

Question 68

When a plant has both female and male reproductive structures and can produce offspring, this process

Answer 68

self pollinating

Question 69

Nuclear membrane forms, 2 nuclei and cleavage furrow are seen, each nuclei has 23 chromosomes in humans

Answer 69

telophase 2

Question 70

When do the centrioles appear?

Answer 70

prophase

Question 71

When do the centrioles disappear?

Answer 71

telophase

Question 72

What is seen during cytokinesis?

Answer 72

chromatin

Question 73

What type of cell division does prokaryotes go through?

Answer 73

binary fission

Question 74

somatic cells

Answer 74

body

Question 75

an individual that has only dominant or recessive genes for a trait is ____ for that trait

Answer 75

pure

Question 76

examples of incomplete dominance in humans are found in

Answer 76

eye and hair color

Question 77

t or f Eukaryotic cells have a single, circular DNA and ribosomes.

Answer 77

false

Question 78

t or f DNA can NOT be seen during cell division.

Answer 78

false

Question 79

*Which organelle converts the suns energy to chemical energy?

Answer 79

chloroplast

Question 80

*Which organelle removes digestive waste?

Answer 80

lysosomes

Question 81

*Which organelles is responsible for what enters and leaves the cell?

Answer 81

cell membrane