ch. 8 terms

Question 1

_______ are sites where 2 or more _____ meet

Answer 1

joints, bones

Question 2

joints are classified by ________ and __________

Answer 2

structural and functional

Question 3

the three types of structural components are based on what material binds the joints and whether a cavity is present, their names being: (F.C.S)
1. _____
2. ________
3. ________

Answer 3

1. Fibrous
2. Cartilaginous
3. Synovial

Question 4

the three types of functional components are based on the types of movement joint allows (S.A.D)
1. ___________
2. _________________
3. ____________

Answer 4

1. Synarthroses
2. Amphiarthroses
3. Diarthroses

Question 5

____________ are immovable joints

Answer 5

Synarthroses

Question 6

___________ are slightly movable joints

Answer 6

Amphiarthroses

Question 7

___arthroses are freely movable joints and the most common type of joint

Answer 7

di

Question 8

f________ Joints occur where bones are joined by c_________ fibers of dense CT and there is ____ joint cavity

Answer 8

fibrous, collagen, no

Question 9

s_______ are rigid, interlocking joints of skull that occur only between _______ of skull and allow for _______ during youth

Answer 9

sutures, bones, growth

Question 10

s________________ occur where bones are connected by ligaments

Answer 10

syndesmoses

Question 11

g____________ are peg-in-socket joints

Answer 11

gomphosis

Question 12

c_______________ Joints occur where bones are united by cartilage, have ____ joint cavity and are only _______ movable

Answer 12

Cartilaginous, no, slightly

Question 13

s__________ (with cartilage) is formed where a plate or bar of _________ cartilage unites bones almost all are __________ (immovable)

Answer 13

synchondrosis, hyaline, synarthrotic

Question 14

s___________ is formed where fibrocartilage unites bone
1. Are c__________ and resilient
2. Act as s___________ absorber
3. Permit l________ amount of movement at the joint

Answer 14

symphysis, compressible, shock, limited

Question 15

s__________ Joints = most common joint
*Bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity and all synovial joints are
d_________ (freely movable)
*Synovial joints include almost all limb joints

Answer 15

synovial, diarthrotic

Question 16

Synovial joints have six general features
1. a_______ cartilage
2. j_______ cavity
3. a______ capsule
4. s_______ fluid
5. n_____ and Blood vessels
6. Reinforcing ligaments

Answer 16

articular, joint, articular, synovial, nerves

Question 17

a___________ cartilage consists of hyaline cartilage covering ends of bones

Answer 17

articular

Question 18

___________ cavity is a feature unique to synovial joints
*Joint cavity is potential space filled with __________ fluid

Answer 18

joint, synovial

Question 19

Articular capsule’s external fibrous layer
a) Dense _________ CT strengthens j_____
b) So b_______ are not pulled apart

Answer 19

irregular, joints, bones

Question 20

Articular capsule’s inner synovial membrane
 a________ loose CT
 _s__________ membrane secretes synovial fluid
 Lines inside of cavity except where a______ (hyaline) cartilage

Answer 20

areolar, synovial, articular

Question 21

Synovial fluid is derived from f__________ of blood
*Synovial fluid consist of viscous, slippery filtrate of p_______ that lubricates and nourishes a_________ cartilage
*Synovial fluid contains p___________ cells to remove microbes and debris
*Without Synovial fluid, rubbing would wear away joint surfaces and excessive f_____ would overheat and d_____ joint tissue

Answer 21

filtration, plasma, articular, phagocytic, friction, destroy

Question 22

Nerves
1. d______ pain
2. m_______ joint position and s_______ with proprioceptors

Answer 22

detect, monitor, stretch

Question 23

_____ vessels are in
1. Synovial membrane’s a______ CT
2. Capillary beds supply filtrate for s_______ fluid

Answer 23

blood vessels, areolar, synovial

Question 24

Other features of some synovial joints include fatty pads for cushioning and articular discs (m_______)
 Articular discs or Menisci are wedges of f____________ that
1. Improve “fit” of bone ends
2. s_________ joint
3. Reduce wear and tear

Answer 24

menisci, fibrocartilage, stabilize

Question 25

Bursae and t_______ Sheaths are “bags of lubricant” or synovial fluid that act as lubricating “ball bearing”

Answer 25

tendon

Question 26

Bursae and Tendon Sheaths are not strictly part of synovial joints but associated with synovial joints, and they reduce f__________ between adjacent structures and the joint activity

Answer 26

friction

Question 27

s________ of articular surface has a minor role *s_______ surfaces are less stable than the deeper ball-and-socket

Answer 27

shape, shallow

Question 28

l_________ number and location has a limited role *The ________ ligaments the stronger the joint

Answer 28

ligaments, more

Question 29

Muscle t_______ that cross the joint are kept under constant t_______ by Muscle tone

Answer 29

tendons, tension

Question 30

Whole muscle does NOT produce a_______ movement but keeps muscle firm and almost always slightly contracted to produce muscle t_____

Answer 30

active, tone

Question 31

Muscle tone pulls on tendons and helps s______ joints and m_______ posture  Muscle tone keeps tendons taut and is extremely important in reinforcing 1. Shoulder joint 2. Knee joints 3. a_______ of the foot

Answer 31

stabilize, maintain, arches

Question 32

1. Muscle’s o_______ = attachment of muscle to immovable bone 2. Muscle’s i_______ = attachment of muscle to movable bone

Answer 32

origin, insertion

Question 33

g________ movements occur when one flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface with back and forth or side to side movement using plane joints

Answer 33

gliding

Question 34

a_______ movements increase or decrease the angle between two bones

Answer 34

angular

Question 35

Angular movements (F.E.H.A.A.C) 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. _____________ 4. ______________ 5. ____________ 6. _______________

Answer 35

flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

Question 36

1. Flexion d______ the angle of the joint 2. Extension i__________ the angle of the joint 3. Hyperextension is movement b__________ the anatomical position

Answer 36

decreases, increases, beyond

Question 37

1. Abduction is movement along frontal plane a______ from the midline 2. Adduction is movement along frontal plane t_______ the midline 3. Circumduction involves the d_____ end of the limb moving in a circle and the p__________ end remains stationary

Answer 37

away, toward, distal, proximal

Question 38

Rotation involves turning a bone around its own long a_____ toward the midline or away from the midline *m_________ rotation is rotation toward the midline *l________ rotation is rotation away from the midline

Answer 38

axis, medial, lateral

Question 39

*With s__________, the palms face anteriorly and the radius and ulna are parallel *With p____________, the palms face posteriorly and the radius rotates over ulna *p__________ provides a weaker movement and is the position of the palms when standing in relaxed manner

Answer 39

supination, pronation, pronation

Question 40

*d___________ is the bending of the foot toward the shin *p_______ flexion is the pointing of the toes downward

Answer 40

dorsiflexion, plantar

Question 41

i______ causes the sole of foot to face medially *e_________ causes the sole of foot to face laterally

Answer 41

inversion, eversion

Question 42

*p________ causes the mandible to jut out *r_______ causes the mandible to be pulled toward the neck

Answer 42

protraction, retraction

Question 43

*e_________ is the lifting of a body part superiorly *d____________ is the lowering of a body part

Answer 43

elevation, depression

Question 44

o____________ is the movement of the thumb between Metacarpal 1 and Trapezium Examples: touching the thumb to the tips of other fingers on same hand or any grasping movement

Answer 44

opposition

Question 45

a________ cruciate ligament (ACL) attaches to anterior t_____ whereas the p__________ cruciate ligament (PCL) attaches to posterior t_____

Answer 45

anterior, tibia, posterior, tibia

Question 46

s_________ Joint is the most freely moving joint in body

Answer 46

shoulder

Question 47

b__________ involves inflammation of bursa caused by a blow or f_______ whereas t_____________ involves inflammation of tendon sheaths and is typically caused by o_______

Answer 47

bursitis, friction, tendonitis, overuse

Question 48

o_____________ = OA most common type of arthritis, “wear-and-tear” degenerative arthritis

Answer 48

osteoarthritis

Question 49

r_________ arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory ___________ disease of unknown cause where the Immune system attacks the body’s own cells

Answer 49

Rheumatoid, autoimmune

Question 50

g______ arthritis results from the deposition of u______ acid crystals in joints and soft t______, followed by i_______ Gouty arthritis is more common in _____ and typically affects joint at base of great toe

Answer 50

gouty, uric, tissues, inflammation, men

Question 51

functions of joints are to: 1. Give skeleton _______ 2. Hold _________ tg

Answer 51

mobility, skeleton