Ch 9-12

Question 1

Assessing positive traits

Answer 1

• Happiness
• meaning in life
• physical well-being
• virtue and mortality

Question 2

Physical health and advantages and disadvantages are associated with

Answer 2

Traits

Question 3

Positive affectivity

Answer 3

Frequent intense experiences. Pleasant moods

Question 4

Negative affectivity

Answer 4

Frequent emotional episodes of negative emotions

Question 5

Watsons research suggests that the bottom line of differences in people’s levels of happiness boils down to differences in

Answer 5

Positive and negative affectivity

Question 6

Research by tellegen suggests the hat genetic factors account for ____% of the differences in long term levels of positive affect and ____%

Answer 6

40 and 55

Question 7

Temperament

Answer 7

Genetically determined physiological disposition to respond to the environment in a stable way. Infants show temperament early.

Question 8

Kagan found that 20% of infants fell into two extremes temperament types called

Answer 8

Restive and non reactive

Question 9

Reactive

Answer 9

Easily upset by anything new in environment

Question 10

Non reactive

Answer 10

More laid back comfortable with change

Question 11

PANAS scores

Answer 11

Reflect trait differences in people’s characteristic, emotional experience, referred to as positive and negative affectivity

Question 12

Temperament establishes

Answer 12

A foundation for the layer development of more specific personality traits (McCrae)

Question 13

The big five

Answer 13

Five factors stable across life time for people. Extraversion vs. introversion, neuroticism vs. emotional stability, agreeableness vs. antagonism, conscientiousness vs. undirectedness, openness to experience vs. non openness.

Question 14

Extraversion vs. introversion

Answer 14

People are social and outgoing and have more positive emotions vs people who are withdrawn and reserved in emotional expression

Question 15

Neuroticism vs. emotional stability

Answer 15

People who are tense and mood, depressed impulsive and reactive vs people who are calm low reactive and have less negative feelings

Question 16

Agreeableness vs. antagonism

Answer 16

People who get along well with others, helpful, compliment vs people who disagree and are selfish

Question 17

Conscientiousness vs. undirectedness

Answer 17

People who have self control and are organized vs people who are impulsive and careless

Question 18

Openness to experience vs non open

Answer 18

People who are creative and imaginative vs people who are more straightforward

Question 19

Big five personality traits have been highly _____. Adoption and twin studies show heritability estimates between ____ and _____.

Answer 19

Heritable. .4 and .6

Question 20

The big five is examined to the relation psychological well being. True or false

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Ryff PWB describes six aspects of psychological functioning.

Answer 21

Self acceptance, environmental mastery, purpose in life, positive relations, personal growth, autonomy

Question 22

Self acceptance

Answer 22

A positive evaluation of self and ones past

Question 23

Environmental mastery

Answer 23

Competence in managing ones life and environment

Question 24

Positive relations

Answer 24

High quality connections to others

Question 25

Purpose in life

Answer 25

Strong sense of meaning and purpose

Question 26

Personal growth

Answer 26

Sense of continuing growth and development as an individual

Question 27

Autonomy

Answer 27

Sense of self as directing and determining actions and choices

Question 28

Ryff and schmutte found the five factor personality invention and six dimensions of PWB showed that ______was inversely linked with all six, while Extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness showed consistent ______ correlations with PWB. It showed ____ ______ with openness to experience

Answer 28

Neuroticism, positive, weak positive

Question 29

Behavioral activation system (BAS)

Answer 29

Responsive to environmental cues that signal opportunities for rewards, non-punishment and escape. Positive affect.

Question 30

Behavioral inhibition system BIS

Answer 30

Responsive to cues signaling punishment and non reward. Inhibits goal directed behavior. Negative affect.

Question 31

Self esteem

Answer 31

Refers to the evaluative component of self concept. Feeling of self worth and value that results when the self judges itself. Self esteem can be both trait and state.

Question 32

Self esteem is a predictor of happiness (.47)

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Sociometer theory

Answer 33

Argues that the purpose of self esteem is to monitor social inclusion and exclusion. Human survival was dependent on close relationships. Same idea.

Question 34

Contingency of self worth

Answer 34

Category of outcomes on which s person has staked his or her self esteem, so that a person's view of his or her value of worth depends on perceived successes or failures or adherence to self-standards in that domain. Concluded that that low self esteem is not a major cause of problems.

Question 35

The darker side of self esteem

Answer 35

Crocker and college he's make and important distinction between global and contingent self esteem. Not all forms of positive self image are beneficial. Pursuit of self esteem may have a darker side that is self defeating.

Question 36

Contingent versus non contingent self esteem.

Answer 36

Carl Rogers argues value of unconditional positive regard as a basis for parents love of children. Argues that people whose self worth is contingent on meeting external standards are likely to have fragile, defensive and unstable.

Question 37

Dispositional optimism

Answer 37

Expectation that the future will bring a bounty of good things and a scarcity of bad things. Correlated to traits positive ones.

Question 38

Flexibility

Answer 38

Coping approaches. Controllable and uncontrollable life stressors and adjusting appropriately.

Question 39

Defensive pessimism

Answer 39

Very anxious, expects worst to happen but does successful. Softens failure. Prepares for the worst. May motivate

Question 40

Traits

Answer 40

Internal dispositions that color how we see and interpret the world. Give meaning to life events. Are involved with goals we select.