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Church History > CH. 9 > Flashcards

CH. 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the historical context of the time of the crusades?

A
  • the middle ages/medieval times
  • feudalism
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2
Q

What was Europe’s population broken into?

A

1) clergy
2) nobility
3) peasantry

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3
Q

How did Islam become a threat?

A
  • rise of the seljuk turks and their defeat of the byzantine army in the battle of manzikert
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4
Q

What are the two factors of the church wanting unification?

A
  • the threat of islam
  • the heretical situation involving Europe
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5
Q

What were the crusades and military orders the answer to? What was the inquisition the answer to?

A
  • crusades and military orders = unification of Europe and external threats
  • inquisition = internal threats
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6
Q

What were the crusades?

A
  • wars of religious character
  • a series of 8 expansive military expedition taken by Christians between 1096 to 1270 in the Holy Land and Spain against Muslim expansion
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7
Q

What parts of the Christian world did Islamic forces seize?

A
  • Palestine, Egypt, Asia Minor, North Africa
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8
Q

How was Muslim expansion halted from europe?

A
  • Charles Martel’s defense of WE and Byzantine’s of the East
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9
Q

Who organized the first crusade?

A

In 1095, Pope Urban II held a council in France to organize the first crusade as an assault in defense of Christian europe

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10
Q

What did the Crusades combine?

A
  • the concept of a defensive war with religious pilgrimage
  • seen as acts of religious devotion by the Christians
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11
Q

What were the 2 spiritual and 3 temporal motivations behind the Crusades

A

spiritual:
1) indulgences
2) prolonged penance

temporal:
1) the reduction of taxes
2) dissolving of debt
3) protection of the crusader’s families

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12
Q

Whose preaching inspired thousands to join the crusade, sometimes convincing entire parishes to set out to east?

A

St. bernard of Clairvaux

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13
Q

Who else traveled cities preaching for a crusade?

A

Peter the Hermit of Amiens

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14
Q

Which crusade was considered the best organized? How was this crusade organized?

A
  • the first crusade
  • armies divided into 4 groups to meet at Constantinople and began their campaign in 1097
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15
Q

What are the significant events in the first crusade?

A
  • besieged Nicaea
  • took Antioich
  • Jersualm fell
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16
Q

Why were the 1st crusaders successful in taking Jersualem?

A
  • Muslim politics were not unified, so the Turks had only just risen to power and did not have total control over the land
17
Q

Who kept direct control of the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

A

Godfrey of Bouillon and Baldwin

18
Q

Why was it difficult to maintain control over Jerusalem?

A

1) european crusaders left and returned to Europe; only several stayed but this was not enough
2) diversity of soldiers and pilgrims made it hard to control people of diff faiths and cultures
3) organizing a government of diff peoples was not easy

19
Q

What were the events of the 2nd crusade?

A
  • in 1144, the Turks recaptured the city of Edessa
  • King Louis of France and Emperor Conrad II of Germany set out to capture Damascus, but failed and were forced to retreat
20
Q

Which crusade is the most famous and why?

A
  • 3rd crusade
    -for providing background of the robin hood stories
21
Q

what 3 european kings set out against the Turks who was unified under which great military leader?

A
  • Richard of England, Philip of France, and Frederick of Barbarossa who were unified under Saladin
22
Q

What did the 4th crusade result in that ruined the East and West relationship?

A
  • the sacking of Constantinople
23
Q

What was the “Children’s Crusade” and how did it end?

A
  • children were caught up in the popular crusade movements
  • it ended with most dead and none having made it to the holy land as those who did survive were captured and sold into slavery
24
Q

How long did Christians have the holy land?

A
  • from 1099 in the 1st crusade to 1291
  • almost 200 years
25
Q

What did military orders combine? What were the warrior monks bound with?

A
  • both military and religious life emphasizing dedication, discipline, and monastic organization
26
Q

What were the 3 oldest and famous orders?

A

1) knights templar
2) knights hospitalers
3) teutonic knights

27
Q

Which was the eldest of the 3 orders? Who founded it? What was its real name?

A
  • knights templar
  • a group of 9 french knights
  • the poor brothers of the temple of Jerusalem
28
Q

Who wrote a rule for them based on Cistercian rule?

A

bernard of clairvaux

29
Q

What role did the Knights templar assume? How did they become so rich?

A
  • safeguarding western money that flowed to the east
  • they protected the treasury of the crusades and became bankers in europe
30
Q

When was the Knights Hospitalers founded? What is its real name? What is its vocation?

A
  • 1130
  • the Knights of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem
  • the defense of Jerusalem and served as medical corps to the crusaders
31
Q

Where did the Knights Hospitalers go after the fall of Jerusalem in 1291

A
  • they went to the island of Rhodes
  • they had rhodes for 200 years before the Turks captured it in 1523
32
Q

Where did the Knights Hospitalers go after the capture of rhodes? What did they become there?

A
  • the island of malta
  • the knights of malta
33
Q

what order was formed when crusaders from Germany joined with the members of the german hospital in Jerusalem

A
  • knights teutonic
34
Q

the knights remained until the ____ century and why did they dissolve?

A
  • 16th century
  • because their grand master Albert of Hohenzollern abandoned Catholicism and became a Lutheran grand duke of Prussia
35
Q

What did the Inquisition began as a response to?

A
  • response to Albigensianism, a heresey that saw the soul as good and the body as evil
36
Q

What was Albigensianism’s radical asceticism driven by?

A
  • their belief in the evil war, physical pleasure, and matter
37
Q

What were the beliefs of Albigensianism?

A

1) two gods
2) rejected mass, sacraments, eccelestial authority
3) hated the world, Christians, etc.
4) forbade marriage and proceation but allowed homosexual relations
5) advocated for suicide as a way to obtain religious purity

38
Q

What two orders were oppointed as papal inquisitors?

A
  • dominicans and franciscans because of their theological training and religious formation
39
Q

What were the qualities of a good inquisition judge?

A

zealous in protecting and promoting
1) the faith
2) the salvation of souls
3) extermination of heresy

Church History (8 decks)

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