Ch 9.

Question 1

Addresses how personality traits that differ among individuals are passed from parent to child and shared by biological relatives

Examines how genes influence broad patterns of behavior

Answer 1

behavioural genetics

Question 2

examine how phenotypes (observable traits) may be attributed to variation in genotypes (genetic structure)

Answer 2

calculating heritability

Question 3

genes matter to determine personality, but it isn’t nearly close to all that determines personality. (twins 40%, siblings 20%, adopted 0.05%)

Answer 3

what heritability tells us

Question 4

you can’t use heritability to determine what
percent of a trait is determined by genetics…

Answer 4

…and by the environment.

Question 5

how do genes affect personality?

Answer 5

it creates propensities (natural tendencies) to behave in certain ways

Question 6

how do genes affect personality?

Answer 6

it creates propensities (natural tendencies) to behave in certain ways

Question 7

• Genes are not causal - they only create the design
• There must be an environment in
  order for there to be behavior.
• Environments can affect heritabilities.
• Genetic expression and social environment
• Choice of environments (niche picking)
• People can react differently to the same environment.

Answer 7

gene-environment interactions facts

Question 8

things that affect the genes in the environment

Answer 8

epigenetics

Question 9

Genes have important influences on personality but are not…

Answer 9

…predestination

Question 10

Addresses how patterns of behavior that characterize all humans may have originated in the survival value of these characteristics

Answer 10

evolutionary personality psychology

Question 11

Behavioral patterns evolved as reactions to

Answer 11

particular environmental experiences