Ch. 9: Social Interaction Flashcards
(39 cards)
defn, cause, result: social interaction
defn: the basis of social life, helps humans reach their full potential
cause: preexisting commonalities btwn individuals and shared understanding or experiences
result: culture develops
defn: social statuses
perceived positions in society that are used to classify individuals
what are the 3 types of social statuses? describe them.
- ascribed
- achieved
- master
ASCRIBED = given involuntarily (usually at birth), based on race, ethnicity, sex, family background, etc.
ACHIEVED = gained as a result of one’s efforts or choices
MASTER = status by which one is most identified; pervasive in that person’s life (most important status they hold, affects all aspects of their life)
defn: roles
associated with each status
sets of beliefs, values, attitudes, and norms that define expectations for those who hold the status
defn: role peformance
carrying out of behaviors associated with a given role
defn: role partner
the person with whom one is interacting
affects behaviors and expectations
defn: role set
the various roles associated with a status
defn: role conflict vs. role strain vs. role exit
ROLE CONFLICT = difficulty in satisfying the requirements or expectations of multiple roles
ROLE STRAIN = difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements of the same role
ROLE EXIT = dropping of one identity for another
defn + types + char: group/social groups
2+ people who share any number of similar characteristics as well as a sense of unity
dyad: 2 people, triad: 3 people
as group size increases, the group trades intimacy for stability
common shared characteristics: values, interests, ethnicity, social background, family ties, politics
defn: in-group vs. out-group vs. reference group
IN-GROUP: a social group with which a person experiences a sense of belonging or identifies as a member
OUT-GROUP: a social group with which an individual does not identify
REFERENCE GROUP = groups that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves
defn: group conflict
when out-groups compete with or oppose in-groups
defn: peer group vs. family group
PEER GROUP = consists of self-selected equals assoc. by similar interests, ages, statuses (provide friendship, belonging)
FAMILY GROUP = not self-selected, determined by birth, adoption, marriage
defn: primary group vs. secondary group
PRIMARY GROUP = direct interactions, close bonds providing warm, personal, and intimate relationships; last a long time period (core friend circle, family, team members)
SECONDARY GROUP = impersonal, business-like interactions, few emotional bonds, goal of accomplishing a specific purpose; short time period (form and dissolve without special significance to those inovled)
defn: Gemeinschaft vs. Gesellschaft
GEMEINSCHAFT = community = groups unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography (families, neighborhoods)
GESELLSCHAFT = society = less personal groups formed out of mutual self-interests working together toward the same goal (companies, countries)
defn: SYMLOG
system for multiple level observation of groups
based on the belief that there are three fundamental dimensions of interaction
- dominance vs. submission
- friendliness vs. unfriendliness
- instrumentally controlled vs. emotionally expressive
defn: group conformity
a group holds power over its members, creating group pressure that can ultimately shape members’ behaviors
individuals are compliant with group goals, even when they are in contrast with the individual’s goals
relates to groupthink
defn: network
the observable pattern of social relationships among individuals or groups
determined by mapping interactions btwn individual units
defn: network redundancy
overlapping connections with the same individual
defn: immediate network vs. distant network
immediate: dense with strong ties
distant: loose with weaker ties
defn: organization
complex secondary groups that are set up to achieve specific goals and are characterized by having a structure and a culture
defn: formal organization
developed during the Industrial Revolution as a way to maximize efficiency
formal: explicit goals that guide members and activities; enforcement procedures that seek to control the members’ activities; hierarchical allotment of formal roles or duties to members
defn: characteristic institution
where the basic organization of society is found (i.e. kin, clan, bureaucracy, etc.)
defn =: bureaucracy
a rational system of political organization, administration, discipline, and control
slow to change, less efficient than other organizations
defn: iron law of oligarchy
democratic or bureaucratic systems naturally shift to being ruled by an elite group
