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HIT 135 Med Term > Ch 9.1 Nervous System; Functions and Structure > Flashcards

Ch 9.1 Nervous System; Functions and Structure Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A

Central Nervous System

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2
Q

CT

A

Computed tomography

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3
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalogram

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4
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

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5
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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6
Q

The brain and spinal cord are called the:

A

CNS (Central Nervous System)

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7
Q

Nerves all over the body outside the CNS are called the

A

PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

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8
Q

The medical specialty of disorders of the nervous system is called

A

neurology

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9
Q

A specialist in neurology is called a

A

neurologist

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10
Q

A specialist who operates on the nervous system is a

A

neurosurgeon

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11
Q

A pharmacologic agent capable of preventing or arresting epilepsy

A

anti-epilep-tic

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12
Q

Alternative name for seizure

A

con-vuls-ion

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13
Q

Record the electrical activity of the brain

A

EEG

electr/o-encephal/o-gram

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14
Q

Chronic brain disorder due to paroxysmal excessive neuronal discharges

A

epilepsy

Greek seizure

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15
Q

Pertaining to, or condition caused by, a stroke or epilepsy

A

ict-al

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16
Q

Pertaining to nerves that send impulses out to cause muscles to contract or glands to secrete

A

motor

Latin: to move

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17
Q

An agent with the ability to alter mood, anxiety, behavior, cognitive processes, or mental tension

A

psych/o-active

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18
Q

Event due to excessive electrical activity in the brain

A

seiz-ure

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19
Q

Having the function of sensation; relating to structures of the nervous system that carry impulses to the brain

A

sens-ory

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20
Q

In a state of muscular contraction

A

ton-ic

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21
Q

Generalized seizure due to epileptic activity in all or most of the brain

A

tonic-clonic seizure

ton-ic-clon-ic

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22
Q

Pertaining to the use of electricity in the diagnosis of a neurologic disorder

A

electroneurodiagnostic

electr/o-neur/o-dia-gnos-tic

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23
Q

dia-

A

complete

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24
Q

con-

A

with, together

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25
Q

anti-

A

against

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26
Q

epilep

A

seizure

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27
Q

vuls

A

tear, pull

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28
Q

gnos

A

knowledge

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29
Q

ict

A

seizure

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30
Q

seiz

A

to grab, convulse

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31
Q

sens

A

feel

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32
Q

ton

A

pressure, tension

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33
Q

clon

A

violent action

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34
Q

-tic

A

pertaining to

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35
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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36
Q

-eon

A

one who does

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37
Q

-ery

A

process of

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38
Q

-active

A

agent of change

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39
Q

-ory

A

having the function of

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40
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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41
Q

ANS

A

Autonomic nervous system

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42
Q

SAME

A

Sensory nerves are
Afferent (towards the brain)
Motor nerves are
Efferent (away from the brain and spinal cord)

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43
Q

the PNS includes ___ pairs of cranial nerves and ___ pairs of spinal nerves

A

12, 31

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44
Q

_____ nerves carry signals from the internal organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

Visceral

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45
Q

_____ nerves carry signals from the skin, muscles, bones, and joints

A

Somatic

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46
Q

____ arouses body for action, directs blood where its most needed

A

Sympathetic division of ANS

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47
Q

___ calms the body, slows heartbeat, stimulates digestion

A

parasympathetic division of ANS

48
Q

carries signals to skeletal muscles, is under voluntary control

A

somatic motor division

49
Q

conducting impulses inward toward the spinal cord or brainf

A

afferent

Latin to bring to

50
Q

auto-

A

self

51
Q

nom

A

law

52
Q

Conducting impulses outward away from the brain or spinal cord

A

efferent

Latin to bring away from

53
Q

Collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

A

ganglion
ganglia (pl)
Greek, swelling

54
Q

A cord of fibers in connective tissue that conduct impulses

A

nerve

Latin

55
Q

Technical term for a nerve cell; consists of the cell body with its dendrites and axons

A

neuron

Greek, nerve

56
Q

para-

A

beside

57
Q

sym-

A

together

58
Q

pathet

A

suffering

59
Q

pertaining to the periphery or external boundary

A

peripheral

60
Q

peripher

A

outer part

61
Q

A web-like network of joined nerves

A

plexus
plexuses (pl)
Latin, braid

62
Q

somat

A

body

63
Q

pertaining to the internal organs

A

visceral

64
Q

viscer

A

internal organs

65
Q

Parasympathetic neurotransmitter

stimulates muscles to contract

A

Acetyl-choline

66
Q

Parasympathetic neurotransmitter
found in many areas of the brain and spinal cord;
has a stimulatory effect that is increased by cocaine and amphetamines

A

Nor-epi-nephr-ine

67
Q

Parasympathetic neurotransmitter
found in many areas of the brain and spinal cord;
is involved with mood, anxiety, and sleep

A

Ser/o-ton-in

68
Q

parasympathetic neurotransmitter
confined to small areas of the brain;
plays a role in movement, memory, pleasurable reward, behavior and cognition, mood, and learning

A

dopamine

69
Q

parasympathetic neurotransmitter
found in areas of the brain stem;
are the body’s natural pain relievers

A

end-(m)orphin

70
Q

the three plexuses:

A

Cervical
Brachial
Lumbosacral

71
Q

single process of a nerve cell carrying nervous impulses away from the cell body

A

axon

72
Q

branched extension of the nerve cell body that receives nervous stimuli

A

dendrite

Greek, looking like a tree

73
Q

material of the sheath around the axon of a nerve

A

myel-in

74
Q

covering of a nerve around the myelin sheath

A

neur/i-lemma

75
Q

junction between two nerve cells, or a nerve fiber and its target cell; where electrical impulses are transmitted between the cells

A

syn-apse

synaptic (adj)

76
Q

end-

A

within

77
Q

-in

A

substance, chemical compound

78
Q

myel

A

spinal cord

79
Q

-lemma

A

covering

80
Q

neur/i

A

nerve

81
Q

-er

A

agent

82
Q

trans-

A

across

83
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

84
Q

mitt

A

to send

85
Q

nor-

A

normal

86
Q

epi-

A

above, upon

87
Q

nephr

A

kidney

88
Q

ser/o

A

serum, serous

89
Q

ton

A

tension

90
Q

syn-

A

together

91
Q

apse

A

clasp

92
Q

BBB

A

Blood- brain barrier

93
Q

CSF

A

Cerebralspinal fluid

94
Q

There are ___ types of neuroglia.
__ in the CNS
__ in the PNS

A

six
4
2

95
Q

star shaped connective tissue cell

involved in transportation of water and salts from capillaries to the neurons

A

astr/o-cyte

96
Q

What is the most abundant glial cell?

A

Astrocytes

97
Q

connective tissue cell of the CNS that forms a myelin sheath

A

oligo-dendr/o-cyte

98
Q

small nervous tissue cells that are phagocytes

A

micro-glia

99
Q

Membrane lining the central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain
help regulate the composition of CSF

A

Ependymal cells
ependyma
Greek, garment

100
Q

Schwann cell

A

neur/o-lemm/o-cyte

after Theodor Schwann, German anatomist, 1810-1882

101
Q

connective tissue cell that forms a myelin sheath

speeds up conduction of nerve fiber

A

neur/o-lemm/o-cyte

102
Q 
found around the neuron cell bodies
function unknown
A

Satellite cells

103
Q

a selective mechanism, physical barrier, that prevents the brain from toxins and infections

A

blood-brain barrier
blood; Old English; fluid connective tissue
brain; Old English; organ that controls the functions of the body
barrier; Old French; obstacle, gatekeeper

104
Q

astr/o

A

star

105
Q

-cyte

A

cell

106
Q

cerebr/o

A

brain

107
Q

spin

A

spinal cord

108
Q

fluid

A

flowing

109
Q

micro-

A

small

110
Q

glia

A

Greek; glue

111
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

112
Q

regions of the brain and spinal cord occupied by cell bodies and dendrites

A

gray matter
gray; Old English; color between white and black
matter; Latin; a physical substance

113
Q

lemm/o

A

rind, husk

114
Q

oligo-

A

scanty

115
Q

dendr/o

A

treelike

116
Q

regions of the brain and spinal cord occupied by bundles of axons.

A

white matter

HIT 135 Med Term (4 decks)

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