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Medical Terminology > Ch08 Nervous System > Flashcards

Ch08 Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

a (suffix)

A

Noun ending (suffix)

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2
Q

al (suffix)

A

Pertaining to (suffix)

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3
Q

algesia (suffix)

A

Sensitivity to pain (suffix)

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4
Q

-astr/o-

A

Star-shaped (root)

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5
Q

cyt/o

A

Cell (suffix)

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6
Q

cyte (suffix)

A

Cell (suffix)

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7
Q

es (suffix)

A

Noun ending (suffix)

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8
Q

esthesia (suffix)

A

Feeling, sensation (suffix)

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9
Q

-gli/o-

A

Gluey substance (root)

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10
Q

-gnos/o-

A

To know (root)

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11
Q

-graph/o-

A

To record (root)

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12
Q

ia (suffix)

A

Condition (suffix)

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13
Q

itis (suffix)

A

Inflammation (suffix)

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14
Q

kinesia (suffix)

A

Movement (suffix)

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15
Q

kinesis (suffix)

A

Movement (suffix)

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16
Q

lepsy (suffix)

A

Seizure, attack (suffix)

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17
Q

lexia (suffix)

A

Reading (suffix)

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18
Q

logist (suffix)

A

One who specializes in the study of (suffix)

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19
Q

logy (suffix)

A

The study of (suffix)

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20
Q

logy (suffix)

A

The study of (suffix)

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21
Q

oma (suffix)

A

tumor (suffix)

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22
Q

on (suffix)

A

Noun ending (suffix)

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23
Q

opia (suffix)

A

Vision (suffix)

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24
Q

osis (suffix)

A

Process; condition (suffix)

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25
Q

paresis (suffix)

A

Paralysis (suffix)

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26
Q

phasia (suffix)

A

Speech (suffix)

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27
Q

plegia (suffix)

A

Paralysis (suffix)

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28
Q

praxia (suffix)

A

Perform (suffix)

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29
Q

-tax/o-

A

Order (root)

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30
Q

tomy (suffix)

A

Incision into (suffix)

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31
Q

um (suffix)

A

Noun ending (suffix)

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32
Q

a-

A

without (prefix)

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33
Q

an-

A

Without (prefix)

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34
Q

brady-

A

Slow (prefix)

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35
Q

caus/o-

A

Burn (root)

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36
Q

cephal/o-

A

Head (root)

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37
Q

cerebr/o-

A

Brain; cerebrum (root)

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38
Q

crani/o-

A

Skull (root)

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39
Q

dendr/o-

A

Tree, branches (root)

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40
Q

dipl/o

A

Double (prefix)

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41
Q

dys-

A

Bad, difficult, painful, disordered (prefix)

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42
Q

epi-

A

Upon (prefix)

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43
Q

hemi-

A

Half (prefix)

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44
Q

hyper-

A

Excessive (prefix)

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45
Q

kinesi/o-

A

Movement (root)

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46
Q

mening/o-

A

Meninges (root)

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47
Q

narc/o-

A

Sleep (root)

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48
Q

neur/o-

A

Nerve (root)

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49
Q

olig/o-

A

Few, little, scanty (root)

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50
Q

para-

A

Near, beside, beyond, two like parts (prefix)

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51
Q

phag/o-

A

To eat (root)

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52
Q

quadri-

A

Four (prefix)

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53
Q

radicul/o-

A

Root (root)

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54
Q

rhiz/o-

A

Root (prefix)

55
Q

spin/o-

A

Spine (root)

56
Q

thromb/o-

A

Clot (root)

57
Q

alges/o-

A

Sensitivity to pain (root)

58
Q

asthenia (suffix)

A

Strength (suffix)

59
Q

cerebell/o-

A

Cerebellum (root)

60
Q

esthesi/o-

A

Feeling, sensation (root)

61
Q

gli/o-

A

Gluey substance (root)

62
Q

thec/o-

A

Sheath (root)

63
Q

ton/o-

A

Tension, tone (root)

64
Q

ventricul/o-

A

Ventricle (root)

65
Q

absence seizure

A

Small seizure lasting a few seconds, temporary loss of consciousness

66
Q

agnosia

A

Loss of mental ability to understand sensory stimuli (e.g. sight, sound, touch)

67
Q

agraphia

A

Inability to convert one’s thoughts into writing

68
Q

alexia

A

Inability to understand written words

69
Q

analgesia

A

Without sensitivity to pain

70
Q

anesthesia

A

Without feeling or sensation

71
Q

aneurysm

A

Localized dilation in the arterial wall that expands with each pulsation

72
Q

aphasia

A

Inability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs due to injury or brain disease

73
Q

astrocyte

A

Star-shaped neurological cell in CNS

74
Q

astrocytoma

A

Tumor of the brain or spinal cord composed of astrocytes

75
Q

ataxia

A

Without muscle coordination

76
Q

aura

A

Sensation of individual experiences prior to the onset of migrane headache or epilectic seizure

77
Q

axon

A

Part of nerve cell that transports nerve impulses away from the nerve cell body

78
Q

blood-brain barrier

A

Protective capillary walls of the brain, prevents passage of harmful substances to brain and CSF

79
Q

bradykinesia

A

Abnormally slow movement

80
Q

Brudzinski’s sign

A

Positive sign of meningitis, involuntary flexion of arm, hip, and knee when pt’s neck passively flexed

81
Q

cauda equina

A

Lower end of spinal cord and the roots of the spinal nerves below L1 vertebrae

82
Q

causalgia

A

Sensation of an acute burning pain along peripheral nerve, sometimes accompanied with erythema

83
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and spinal cord

84
Q

cephalgia

A

Pain in the head; headache

85
Q

cerebral concussion

A

Brief interruption of brain function, usually with loss of consciousness lasting a few seconds

86
Q

cerebral contusion

A

Small scattered venous hemorrhages in the brain; “bruise of the brain” when brain strikes skull

87
Q

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

A

Abnormal pattern characterized by periods of apnea followed by deep rapid breathing

88
Q

coma

A

Deep sleep where patient cannot be aroused and does not respond to external stimuli

89
Q

comatose

A

State of being in a coma

90
Q

contracture

A

Permanent shortening of a muscle, resulting in abnormal flexion of joint; physical deformity

91
Q

convolution

A

One of many elevated folds on the cerebrum surface; aka gyrus

92
Q

craniotomy

A

Surgical incision into the cranium or skull

93
Q

deficit

A

Any deficiency or variation of the normal resulting from a CVA

94
Q

dementia

A

Progressive irreversible mental disorder characterized by deteriorating memory, judgement, and thought

95
Q

diplopia

A

Double vision; also called ambiopia

96
Q

dyslexia

A

Condition with impairment of the ability to read; letters/words often reversed when reading

97
Q

dysphasia

A

Difficult speech

98
Q

embolism

A

Blood clot (embolus) becomes lodged in a blood vessel, obstructing blood flow

99
Q

epilepsy

A

Neuro condition characterized by recurrent episodes of sudden brief attacks of seizures

100
Q

fontalle/fontanel

A

Space covered by tough membrane between the bones of an infant’s skull; the “soft spot”

101
Q

gait

A

Style of walking

102
Q

hemiparesis

A

Slight or partial paralysis of one half of the body (left vs right)

103
Q

hemiplegia

A

Paralysis of one half of the body

104
Q

hyperesthesia

A

Excessive sensitivity to sensory stimuli, such as pain or touch

105
Q

hyperkinesis

A

Excessive muscular movement and physical activity; hyperactvity

106
Q

Kernig’s sign

A

Diagnostic sign for meningitis; inable to extend knee when patient is supine and hip passively flexed

107
Q

lethargy

A

State of being sluggish; stupor

108
Q

narcolepsy

A

Uncontrolled, sudden attacks of sleep

109
Q

neuralgia

A

Severe, sharp, spasmlike pain that extends along the course of one or more nerves

110
Q

neuritis

A

Inflammation of a nerve

111
Q

neurologist

A

Physician who specializes in treating the diseases and disorders of the nervous system

112
Q

nuchal rigidity

A

Rigidity of the neck, resistant to flexion; seen in patients with meningitis

113
Q

occulsion

A

Blockage

114
Q

palliative

A

Soothing

115
Q

paraplegia

A

Paralysis of the LEs and trunk; due to spinal cord injury

116
Q

parasympathetic nerves

A

Nerves of ANS that regulate essential involuntary body functions (rest and digest)

117
Q

parasympathomimetic

A

Copying or producing the same effects of parasympathetic nerves

118
Q

paresthesia

A

A sensation of numbness or tingling

119
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

Nervous system outside th CNS, consisting of 12 pairs of cranial and 31 pairs spinal nerves

120
Q

plexus

A

Network of interwoven nerves

121
Q

quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of all four extremities and trunk of body; caused by injury of the cervical spinal cord

122
Q

radiculotomy

A

Surgical resection of a spinal nerve root; also called rhizotomy

123
Q

rhizotomy

A

Surgical resection of a spinal nerve root; also called radiculotomy

124
Q

sciatica

A

Inflammation of the sciatic nerve; characterized by pain along the nerve (thigh and posterior leg)

125
Q

shunt

A

A tube or passage that diverts/redirects body fluid from one cavity/vessel to another

126
Q

somatic nervous system

A

Part of PNS that provides voluntary control over skeletal muscle contractions

127
Q

stimulus

A

Any agent or factor capable of initiating a nerve impulse

128
Q

stupor

A

State of lethargy; further, person unresponsive and seem unaware of his or her surroundings

129
Q

sympathetic nerves

A

Nerves of ANS that regulate essential involuntary body functions (i.e. increase HR, constricting blood vessels, etc)

130
Q

sympathomimetic

A

Copying or producing the same effects as those of the sympathetic nerves

131
Q

syncope

A

Fainting

132
Q

thrombosis

A

An abnormal condition in which a clot develops in a blood vessel

133
Q

tonic-clonic seizure

A

A seizure characterized by the presence of muscle contraction or tension followed by relaxation; “jerking” movement

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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