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Psychology > Ch1&10 Personal > Flashcards

Ch1&10 Personal Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

CH1

psychology -

A

study of behavior and mental processes

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2
Q

CH1

“empirical approach”

A

objective study conducted via careful observations and research (Hans horse)

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3
Q

CH1

pseudopsychology

A

phony, unscientific psychology pretending to be real thug (horoscopes, advertisements)

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4
Q

CH1

3 main branches of psychology

A

1) experimental (research)
2) teachers
3) applied (64% doctors)

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5
Q

CH1

psychology vs psychiatry

A

1) psychology: broader field, doctoral degrees in research

2) psychiatry: specific field, doctoral degrees in medicine

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6
Q

CH1

structuralism

A
  • William Wundt
  • most basic structures of mind
  • ”elements of conscious”
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7
Q 
CH1
introspection (Wundt)
A

reporting ones own conscious mental experiences (bear is brown)

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8
Q

CH1

functionalism

A
  • William James

* mental process was continually flowing and changing with environment

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9
Q

CH1

gestalt psychology

A
  • opposite of structuralism

* ”perceptual wholes”

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10
Q

CH1
main perspectives of modern psych:
1) biological

A

searches for causes of behavior in functioning genes

neuroscience

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11
Q

CH1
main perspectives of modern psych:
2) developmental

A

changes occur across a lifespan (child development, learning language, etc)

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12
Q

CH1
main perspectives of modern psych:
3) cognitive

A

emphasizes mental processes like learning, memory as forms of information processing
(cognitive neuroscience)

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13
Q

CH1
main perspectives of modern psych:
4) psychodynamic

A

motivated by irrational and unconscious motives

psychoanalysis - freud

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14
Q

CH1
main perspectives of modern psych:
5) humanistic

A

actions are hugely influenced by self-concept and personal growth

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15
Q

CH1
main perspectives of modern psych:
6) behavioral

A

environment affects actions more than mental processes

rewards/punishments

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16
Q

CH1
main perspectives of modern psych:
7) sociocultural

A

importance of social interaction & cultural perspective

same environment, diff languages

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17
Q

CH1
main perspectives of modern psych:
8) evolutionary

A

behavior has developed/adapted over time by natural selection

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18
Q

CH1
main perspectives of modern psych:
9) trait

A

results in behavior and personality

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19
Q

CH1

who is father of modern psychology

A

william james (functionalism - continuity)

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20
Q

CH1

dorothea dix

A

advocate for mentally ill (established first mental ill hospitals)

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21
Q

CH1

mary calkins

A

first female president of APA

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22
Q

CH1

margaret washburn

A

first woman with PhD in psychology

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23
Q

CH10

personality -

A

unique and relatively consistent or stable patterns of thinking feeling and acting

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24
Q

CH10
Freud
psychoanalytic theory -

A

Freud’s explanation of personality/mental disorder

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25
``` CH10 Freud 1) eros 2) libido 3) thanatos ```
1) sex drive 2) energy behind sex drive 3) destructive instinct
26
CH10 Freud model of mind:
1) ego: conscious, compromises ID impulses and superego’s morals 2) superego: “police force” in charge of morals 3) ID: unconscious, instinctive desires and motives
27
CH10 Freud child hood experiences
childhood experiences have strongest impact on personality formation/behavior
28
CH10 Freud psychosexual stages (5)
1) oral 2) anal 3) phallic (immature masturbation) 4) latency (quiet period) 5) genital (mature sexual relationships)
29
CH10 Freud 1) oedipus complex 2) penis envy
1) boys feel erotic attraction towards mothers | 2) girls attracted to males bc don’t have penis
30
CH10 Freud fixation
arrested psychological development (oral at wrong age)
31
``` CH10 Freud ego defense mechanisms 1) repression 2) denial 3) rationalization 4) reaction formation 5) displacement 6) regression 7) sublimation 8) projection ```
1) repression - puts anxieties into unconscious 2) denial - denying situation exists 3) rationalization - socially acceptable reasons for bad behavior (“everyone does it”) 4) reaction formation - acting in opposition to feelings 5) displacement - shifting anger to another object (person) 6) regression - adopting juvenile behaviors 7) sublimation - aggressive desires in aceleres cultural ways (sports) 8) projection - blame other people or objects when upset
32
CH10 Freud projective tests
personality assessment instruments using ambiguous images
33
CH10 Freud RIT
projective test requiring ppl to describe what image they see
34
CH10 Freud TAT
projective test requiring ppl to generate story from image
35
CH10 Jung differences and similarities to freud
diff: spirituality was better than sexuality same: collective unconscious = ID
36
CH10 Jung personal/collective unconscious
unconscious containing instinctive memories & archetypes in all ppl
37
CH10 Jung archetypes
collective memories forming ancient images | shadow - destructive tendencies we don’t want to acknowledge
38
CH10 Jung mental disorders
failure to acknowledge archetypes
39
CH10 Jung personality types (2)
extroverts and introverts
40
CH10 Horney (psychodynamic) 1) basic anxiety 2) neurotic needs
1) sense of uncertainty in hostile world (leads to mental disorder) 2) signs of unhealthy development
41
CH10 Horney 3 attitudes with basic anxiety:
1) towards others (clingy) 2) against others (competitive) 3) away from others (protect themselves from rejection)
42
CH10 Alder 1) inferiority complex 2) compensation
1) unconscious, feeling inferior, roots in childhood (told ur dumb) 2) making up for ones unreal deficiencies (above)
43
CH10 Allport 3 types of traits:
1) central (basis of ones personality : happy, sad) 2) secondary (attitudes, opinions) 3) cardinal (rare : greed, perversion)
44
CH10 Maslow believed in _____ view
humanistic !!
45
CH10 Maslow self-actualizing personalities
healthy individuals who met basic needs and fulfilled potentials (lincoln, einstein)
46
CH10 Maslow “hierarchy of needs”
without these, can produce maladjustment !! 1) self actualization 2) esteem 3) love 4) safety 5) physiological
47
CH10 Rogers fully functioning person (congruent, humanistic)
healthy, congruent with reality | thinks he’s smart and gets good grades
48
CH10 Rogers phenomenal field
our psychological reality | C means good or bad, depending on person
49
CH10 | positive psychology
focusing on desirable aspects of human functioning
50
CH10 Rogers CPR
conditional positive regard (love with positive encouragement)
51
CH10 Bandura key idea: *environment vs behavior*
observational learning - learning new responses by watching others (phobias too!!)
52
CH10 Bandura reciprocal determinism
when cognitions, behavior, and environment mutually influence one another (bad experience = won’t go back)
53
CH10 Rotter locus of control
individuals sense of where his/her influences originate (internal = more confidence, better grades) (external = less confidence, worse grades)
54
CH10 | traits
more specific characteristics in personality (cautious)
55
CH10 | temperaments
vague dispositions of personality (easygoing, difficult)
56
CH10 Jerome Kagan neurotransmitters
everyone has same neurotransmitters but with different mixes (unfriendly child = unfriendly environment)
57
CH10 | factor analysis
helps investigator look for relationships among personality tests
58
CH10 big 5 (NEO-PI) OCEAN
Paul Costa and Robert McCrae 1) openness to experience (intellect) 2) conscientiousness (responsibility) 3) extraversion 4) agreeableness 5) neuroticism (anxiety)
59
CH10 | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2)
gives scores on clinical traits, detects mental illness
60
CH10 1) reliability 2) validity
1) consistent results | 2) measures what its built to measure
61
CH10 | ** behavior results from an interaction of ____ and ____ variables **
trait | situational
62
CH10 | type
specific dimensions of persons personality that are common with others (intro/extroverts)
63
CH10 | Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
* based on Jungian types * use in personality-career surveys * reliability and validity low
64
CH10 | implicit personality theory
assumptions abt personality held by people (nonpsychologists)
65
CH10 | fundamental attribution error
assumption that another persons behavior (clumsy) is flaw in personality instead of situation

Psychology (3 decks)

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