CH1

Question 1

Computer

Answer 1

programmable machine designed to follow instructions

Question 2

Program

Answer 2

instructions in computer memory to make it do something

Question 3

Main hardware components

Answer 3

CPU
Main memory (RAM)
Secondary memory (storage)
I/O devices

Question 4

CPU parts:

Answer 4

Control Unit
  -retrives/decodes instructions
  -coordinates activities of all other parts
Arithmetic/logic unit
  -numeric calc
  -T/F, Y/N

Question 5

Main memory

Answer 5

AKA RAM
volatile: erased when terminated/off
organized as bits: 0 or 1
-byte: 8 bits

Question 6

Secondary storage

Answer 6

Non-volatile
Media variety:
  -magnetic
  -solid-state
  -optical
  -flash drives

Question 7

Input devices

Answer 7

send info to computer from outside

Question 8

Categories of software

Answer 8

System
-manage computer hardware + programs that run on
them (OS, software dev tools)
Application
-provide services to user (word processing, games)

Question 9

Algorithm

Answer 9

start

set of well-defined steps

Question 10

Machine language

Answer 10

binary

Question 11

Types of languages

Answer 11

low-level
-comm with computer hardware directly (binary)
High-level
-closer to human lang

Question 12

High-levvel program to executable file

Answer 12

1. ) create file
2. ) preprocessor: convert source file directives –> source code program statements
3. ) compiler: source program –> machine instructions
4. ) linker: connect HW-specific code + machine instructions = executable file

Question 13

What is a program made of?

Answer 13

key words
programmer-defined IDs
operators
punctuation
syntax

Question 14

Procedural programming

Answer 14

focus on the process, written to process data

Question 15

Object-oriented programming

Answer 15

focus on object: contain data/means to manip data

objects perform operations