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105 > Ch1 & 2 > Flashcards

Ch1 & 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

AIDET

A

Acknowledge
Introduce
Duration
Explanation
Thank You

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2
Q

6 Rights of Medication Administration

A
  1. Right Individual
  2. Right medication
  3. Right dose
  4. Right time
  5. Right route
  6. Right documentation
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3
Q

Tidal Volume

A

the amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs with each respiratory cycle

500 mL male
400 mL female

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4
Q

Cheyne Stokes Respirations

A

abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper, and sometimes faster, breathing followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea. The pattern repeats, with each cycle usually taking 30 seconds to 2 minutes

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5
Q

Tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

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6
Q

Bradypnea

A

abnormally slow breathing rate

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7
Q

Biot’s respirations

A

regular deep respirations interspersed with periods of apnea. It is caused by damage to the pons due to stroke, trauma, or uncal herniation. As the insult to the pons progresses, the pattern becomes irregular

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8
Q

kussmaul’s respirations

A

fast, deep breaths that occur in response to metabolic acidosis. Kussmaul respirations happen when the body tries to remove carbon dioxide, an acid, from the body by quickly breathing it out. Diabetic ketoacidosis is the most common cause

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9
Q

S1 sound

A

tricuspid & mitral valves close at the end of ventricular filling just before systolic contraction begins

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10
Q

S2 sound

A

Pulmonic & aortic (semilunar) valves close at the end of systolic contraction

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11
Q

Pulse pressure

A

Difference between systolic & diastolic values

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12
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

A form of low blood pressure that happens when standing up from sitting or lying down. >20 systolic or >10 diastolic within 3 minutes of standing or sitting up.

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13
Q

6 Rights of Medication Administration

A
  1. Right of Individual
  2. Right medication
  3. Right dose
  4. Right time
  5. Right route
  6. Right documentation
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14
Q

Piaget 4 stages of development

A

Sensorimotor: 0-2
Preoperational. 2-7
Concrete operational. Ages 7-11.
Formal operational. 12 & up

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15
Q

Antipyretic agents

A

A drug that prevents or reduces fever by lowering the body temperature from a raised state

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16
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Perfuse sweating for no apparent reason

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17
Q

pulse deficit

A

when the heart beats faster than the palpable pulse felt at distal and apical pulses

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18
Q

5 Stages of infection

A
  1. Incubation
  2. Prodromal
  3. Acute illness
  4. Period of decline
  5. Period of convalescence
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19
Q

Medical asepsis

A

practices that kill some microorganisms to prevent them from spreading

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20
Q

Surgical asepsis

A

the absence of all microorganisms within any type of invasive procedure

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21
Q

Sterilization

A

Cleaning instruments so that all microorganisms including bacterial spores are eradicated

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22
Q

Disinfection

A

Cleans instruments so that almost all microorganisms are eradicated, but not all. Two levels: high-level and low-level

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23
Q

Six parts of the chain of infection

A

Infectious agent
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host

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24
Q

Three lines of defense in the body

A

Physical & chemical barriers
nonspecific immunity
specific immunity

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25
4 Steps of inflammation
1. Pattern receptors on cell surfaces recognize harmful stimuli 2. Inflammatory pathways are activated 3. Inflammatory markers are released 4. Inflammatory cells are recruited
26
Expected WBC count
5,000 to 10,000/mm3
27
Five types of WBCs
Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Basophils Eosinophils
28
AIIR
Airborne infection isolation room, aka negative pressure room
29
PPE needed for droplet precautions
Mask
30
Multidrug-resistant organisms MDROs
Organisms that are resistant to one or more classes of existing antimicrobials
31
Infection control bundles
Guidelines for practice that are bundled together to help prevent HAIs such as CAUTIs, CLABSIs, VAPs, and SSIs
32
Evidence Based Practice
Use of current best evidence from nursing research, clinical expertise, practice trends, and patient preferences to guide nursing decisions about care provided to patients
33
Exudate
a mass of cells and fluid that has seeped out of blood vessels or an organ, especially in inflammation.
34
Pathogen
pathogen is an organism that causes disease
35
Standard Precautions
Standards set by CDC to reduce risk of transmission of blood borne and other pathogens in hospitals.
36
Normal Sinus Rhythm
EKG wave pattern that indicates normal conduction of an electrical impulse through the myocardium.
37
Susceptibility
A person who is susceptible (or has susceptibility) is easily affected by a disease, is more likely to get a disease, or lacks resistance to a disease
38
Pulse deficit
when the heart beats faster than the palpable pulse felt at distal and apical pulses
39
Therapeutic communication
Process in which the nurse consciously influences a patient to a better understanding through verbal and/or nonverbal communication.
40
Febrile
having or showing the symptoms of a fever. "a febrile illness"
41
Sterile
free from microorganisms
42
Pyrogens
a substance, typically produced by a bacterium, which produces fever when introduced or released into the blood.
43
Systemic
affecting the entire body, rather than a single organ or body part
44
Infection Prevention
Scientific approach to Infection control, prevents or stops the spread of infections in healthcare settings
45
Purulent
consisting of, containing, or discharging pus. "a purulent discharge"
46
Hypoxemia
low level of oxygen in the blood
47
Dysrhythmia
abnormality in a physiological rhythm, especially in the activity of the brain or heart. "congestive heart failure and dysrhythmia"
48
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing, helmets, gloves, face shields, goggles, facemasks and/or respirators etc
49
Stroke volume
the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat
50
Afebrile
not feverish
51
Nursing Informatics
science and practice (that) integrates nursing, its information and knowledge, with information and communication technologies to promote the health of people
52
Serous
of, resembling, or producing serum. "the natural protection for grazes and scratches is dried serous fluid and blood" clear thin fluid
53
Tachycardia
rapid heartbeat that may be regular or irregular, but is out of proportion to age and level of exertion or activity. >100 bpm
54
Thermoregulation
Thermoregulation is the maintenance of physiologic core body temperature, independent of external temperature, by balancing heat generation with heat loss
55
Cardiac output (CO)
Cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood pumped by the heart minute. product of heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV) and is measured in liters per minute
56
Pulse equality
whether the pulse force is comparable on both sides of the body
57
Normal breathing rate
12-20 breaths per min
58
Normal heart rate
60-100
59
eupnea
normal, good, healthy and unlabored breathing, sometimes known as quiet breathing or a resting respiratory rate
60
5 stages of nursing proficiency
1: novice 2: advanced beginner 3: competent 4: proficient 5: expert
61
6 standards of practice
1: assessment 2: diagnosis 3: outcomes identification 4: planning 5: implementation 6: evaluation
62
QSEN
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses
63
NPA
Nursing Practice Act (NPA). The NPA is then interpreted into regulations by each state and territorial nursing board with the authority to regulate the practice of nursing care and the power to enforce the laws
64
6 levels of care
1. preventive: screenings, immunizations 2. primary: family dr 3. secondary: urgent care, outpatient centers 4. tertiary: specialty care (dermatology, cardiology) 5. restorative: rehab, OT, PT 6. continuing healthcare: long-term care, assisted living
65
AC (med timing)
Before meal
66
PC (med timing)
After meal
67
Diaphoresis
Profuse sweating due to a medical or physical issue not related to heat or exercise
68
5 Rights of Delegation
Right Task Right Circumstance Right Person Right Direction & Communication Right Supervision & Evaluation
69
adventitious
abnormal
70
5 steps of Nursing process.
Assessment Analysis & nursing diagnosis Planning & Outcomes Identification Implementation Evaluation
71
ANA
American Nurses Association
72
ICN
International Council of Nurses
73
6 Roles of Nurses
1. Autonomy & Accountability 2. Caregiver 3. Advocate 4. Educator 5. Communicator 6. Manager
74
AACN
American Association of Colleges of Nursing

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