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Bio139 Test 1 > CH1 > Flashcards

CH1 Flashcards

(119 cards)

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1
Q

Structural Organization of the Body: Chemical level

A

Smallest Level Atom and molecules

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2
Q

Structural Organization of the Body: Cellular level

A

Cells: the basic unit of structure and function

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3
Q

Structural Organization of the Body Tissue level (TEST) 4 Types

A

Group of cells Four Types 1) Epithelial 2) connective 3) muscle 4)nervous

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4
Q

Structural Organization of the Body: Organ level

A

Groups of 2 or more tissue types

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5
Q

Structural Organization of the Body: Organ system level

A

related organs; Perform specific function i.e.. Respiratory system

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6
Q

Structural Organization of the Body: Organismal level

A

Whole organism is human

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7
Q

What are the different Levels of structure and the order smallest to biggest

A

1) Chemical 2) Cellular 3) Tissue 4) Organ 5) Organ System 6) Organismal

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8
Q

What are the 6 characteristics of living things

A

1) Organization 2)Metabolism 3)Growth and Development 4) Responsiveness(irritability) 5) Regulation 6) Reproduction

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9
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of all chemical reaction in a body

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10
Q

Anabolic reaction

A

Build Things

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11
Q

Catabolic reaction

A

Break down things

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12
Q

Growth Vs Development

A

Growth - things get bigger vs development things become more advanced

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13
Q

Regulation examples

A

Body temp and Blood Pressure

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14
Q

11 Major Organ Systems of the Body

A

1)Integumentary System 2)Skeletal System 3) Muscular System 4)Nervous System 5)Endocrine System 6)Cardiovascular System 7)Lymphatic System 8) Respiratory System 9)Digestive System 10)Urinary System 11)Reproductive System

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15
Q

Integumentary System Function and Key Organs

A

Provides protection and regulates body with Skin/Hair/nails

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16
Q

Skeletal System Function and Key Organs

A

Provides support and protection with the 206 Bones

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17
Q

Muscular System Function and Key Organs

A

Produces body movement with muscles

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18
Q

Nervous System Function and Key Organs

A

Communication through electrical signals helps control other systems Brain spinal cord

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19
Q

Lymphatic System Function and Key Organs

A

Initiates an immune response to fight infection: Spleen/Thymus/Lymph Nodes

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20
Q

Endocrine System Function and Key Organs

A

Consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones. Ovaries/Testes/Thymus/Thyroid/Adrenal/Pancreas/Kidney/Pineal body/Pituitary

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21
Q

Cardiovascular System Function and Key Organs

A

Consists of the heart (a pump); blood; and Blood vessels to transport hones nutrients and pick up waste

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22
Q

Respiratory System Function and Key Organs

A

Responsible for exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and the air in the lungs. Lungs Larynx

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23
Q

Digestive System Function and Key Organs

A

Mechanically and chemically digests food materials to absorb nutrients. GI Track; colon; Liver; Gallbladder

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24
Q

What organ is the Accessory digestive to the liver(test)

A

Gallbladder: The liver secretes bile into the small intestine via the bile duct employing the gallbladder as a reservoir

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25
Urinary System Function and Key Organs
Filters the blood and removes waste products from the blood. Kidney and urinary bladder
26
Sections and Direction
Longitudinal (up and down) and Cross (X section) (Horizontal)
27
4 Different Planes
1) Sagittal 2) Coronal 3) Transverse 4) Oblique
28
Sagittal Plane sagittow = arrow
Extends through the body or organ vertically and divides the structure into right and left halves
29
Coronal plane( korone = crown)
Also called Frontal plane; is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts
30
Transverse plane
Also called a cross-sectional plane or horizontal plane; cuts perpendicularly along the long axis of the body or organ.
31
Oblique (ob-lek?)Plane
Pass through the specimen at an angle.
32
Anterior
In front of; toward the front surface The stomach is anterior to the spinal cord.
33
Posterior
In back of; toward the back surface The heart is posterior to the sternum.
34
Dorsal
At the back side of the human body The spinal cord is on the dorsal side of the body.
35
Ventral
At the belly side of the human body The umbilicus (navel; belly button) is on the ventral side of the body.
36
Superior
Closer to the head The chest is superior to the pelvis.
37
Inferior
Closer to the feet The stomach is inferior to the heart.
38
Caudal
At the rear or tail end The abdomen is caudal to the head.
39
Cranial
At the head end The head is cranial to the trunk.
40
Medial
Toward the midline of the body The lungs are medial to the shoulders.
41
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body The arms are lateral to the heart.
42
Deep
On the inside; underneath another structure Muscles are deep to the skin.
43
Superficial
On the outside The external edge of the kidney is superficial cial to its internal structure
44
Proximal
Closest to point of attachment to trunk The elbow is proximal to the hand.
45
Distal
Furthest from point of attachment to trunk The wrist is distal to the elbow.
46
Axial (ak?se-a?l) region
Includes the head; neck; and trunk; it forms the main vertical axis of the body
47
Appendicular (ap?en-dik?u -lar? )Region. TEST
Our limbs; or appendages; attach to the body's axis and make up the appendicular (ap?en-dik?u -lar? ) region (INCLUDING Hips and Shoulders)
48
Abdominal
Region inferior to the thorax (chest) and superior to the hip bones
49
Antebrachial
Forearm
50
Antecubital
Region anterior (front) to the elbow; also known as the cubital region
51
Auricular
Ear
52
Axillary
Armpit
53
Brachial
Arm (the portion of the upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow)
54
Buccal
Cheek
55
Calcaneal
Heel of the Foot
56
Carpal
Wrist
57
Chephalic
Head
58
Cervical
Neck
59
Coxal
Hip
60
Cranial
Skull
61
Crural
Lower Leg the portion of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle
62
Deltoid
Shoulder
63
Digital
Finger or Toes
64
Dorsal
Back
65
Femoral
Thigh
66
Fibular
Later aspect of the leg
67
Frontal
Forehead
68
Gluteal
Buttock
69
Hallux
Great Toe
70
Inguinal
Groin ( the crease in the juntion of the thigh with the trunk
71
Lumbar
Lower Back (between ribs and pelvis
72
Mammary
Breast
73
Manus
Hand
74
Mental
Chin
75
Nasal
Nose
76
Occipital
Posterior aspect of the head
77
Olecranal
Posterior of the elbow
78
Oral
Mouth
79
Orbital
Eye
80
Palmar
Palm of the Hand
81
Patellar
Kneecap
82
pelvic
pelvis above groin and below abdominal
83
Perineal
Diamond shaped region between anus and reproductive organs
84
Pes
Foot
85
Plantar
Sole of the foot
86
Popliteal
Posterior to the knee
87
Pubic
Anterior region of the pelvis(where genitals are)
88
Radial
Lateral aspect of the forearm
89
Sacral
Posterior region between the hip bones
90
Scapular
Shoulder Blade
91
Sternal
Sternum Anterior middle region of the thorax
92
Sural
Calf Posterior part of lower leg
93
Tarsal
Ankle Root of the foot
94
Thoracic
Chest including sternal; pectoral and mammary
95
Tibial
Medial aspect of the lower leg
96
Ulnar
Medial Aspect of the forearm
97
Umbilical
Navel
98
Vertebral
Spinal Column
99
Posterior Body Cavities
Cranial (brain) and Vertebral(spinal cord)
100
Anterior Body Cavities
Thoracic and Abdominopelvic(abdominal and pelvic); Mediastinum(heart
101
Visceral layer
Inner layer of the Serous membrane
102
Parietal Layer
Outer layer of the serous membranes
103
What does the Serous membranes do?
Protect from friction and create lubrication
104
Nine Abdominopelvic Regions
Right Left Hypochondriac; Epigasteric; Right left Lumbar Region; Umbinllical Region; Right and Left Illac Region Hyopgasteric Region
105
Right and Left Hypocondriac
The hypochondrium is the upper part of the abdomen interior to the lowest ribs of the thorax. The word derives from Greek: hypochondros or literally under cartilage.
106
Epigastric and Organ found within
Epi is upper r Gastric is the center(upper center region) LIVER
107
Umbilical Region and Organ
Center region with the Transverse Colon
108
Hypogastric Region and Organ
Lower center(hypo- Lower) Bladder
109
Right Hypochondriac Region and Organ
Right Upper Gallbladder
110
Left Hypochondriac Region and Organ
Left Upper- Spleen
111
Right Lumbar Region and Organ
Right Mid - Ascending Colon
112
Left Lumbar Region and Organ
Left Mid- Descending Colon
113
R iliac Region and Organ
Bottom Right - Appendix(attaches to small intestine)
114
Left Iliac Region and Organ
Bottom Left
115
4 Quadrants
Right Upper; Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ); Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ); Left Lower Quadrant(LLQ)
116
Right Upper Quadrant Organs
Liver and Gallbladder
117
Left Upper Quadrant Organs
Pancreatic duct; Stomach
118
Right Lower Quadrant Organs
Appendix and Ascending Colon
119
Left Lower Quadrant Organs
Descending Colon

Bio139 Test 1 (3 decks)

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