CH2 Cell Anatomy Flashcards
(57 cards)
Plasma membrane
The plasma membrane; sometimes called the cell membrane; forms the outer; limiting barrier separating the internal contents of the cell from the external environment.
Cytoplasm.
kytos = a hollow; plasma = a thing formed) is a general term for all cellular contents located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus. Has Cytosol(fluid)
Nucleus vs Nucleolus
Nucleus includes the nuclear envelope and nucleolus
Nucleolus
Synthesizes rRNA and assembles ribosomes in the nucleus
Nucleus
Acts as cell control center; controls all genetic information (DNA); site of ribosome subunit assembly
Structure of the Plasma Membrane
Made from lipid(fat; Carbohydrate and protein. Has a Phosphate head(hydrophilic) and 2 fatty acid tails (hydrophobic) creating a lipid bilayer. Cholesterol provides strength and rigidity
Integral vs Peripheral Proteins
Peripheral proteins are not embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. They are attached loosely to either the external or internal surface of the membrane; often to the exposed parts of the integral proteins. Integral proteins are embedded within; and extend across; the phospholipid bilayer
Glyo-X
X can be lipid/protein/calyx(both) Glyo is a sugar
Active vs passive Transport
Active requires energy ATP
4 Passive Transports
Simple Diffusion 2) Osmosis 3)Facilated diffusion 4) Bulk Filtration
Simple diffusion
As a result of simple diffusion; a net movement of specific molecules or ions takes place from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration. This net movement continues until all of those molecules are evenly distributed in the environment
Osmosis
Is a special type of simple diffusion in which WATER diffuses from one side of the selectively permeable membrane to the other. Still High to Low
Facilitated diffusion
Facilitated diffusion requires the participation of specific transport proteins that help specific substances move across the plasma membrane. These substances are either large molecules or molecules that are insoluble in lipids
Bulk filtration
Is driven by pressure and not necessary High to low
Active Transport Types
1)Ion Pumps 2) Bulk Transport (Exocytosis(out) or Endocytosis(in))
3 Type of Endocytosis
1 Phagocytosis: cell eating 2 Pinocytosis: cell drinking 3 Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Ion Pump
Against concentration gradient
sodium-potassium pump TEST
ION PUMP 3 Na+ come in with ATP from the cytoplasm enter the pump then exit into the extracellular fluid while 2K+ ion revert the pump back to it original shape
Phago vs Pino
Eat vs Drinking both into the cell
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis
MOST SPECIFIC is the movement of specific molecules from the extracellular environment into a cell by way of a newly formed vesicle. This process begins when molecules in the extracellular fluid bind to their specific integral membrane protein receptors.is the movement of specific molecules from the extracellular environment into a cell by way of a newly formed vesicle. This process begins when molecules in the extracellular fluid bind to their specific integral membrane protein receptors.
Inclusions
general term for substances temporarily stored in cell (ex. glycogen; fats
Cytosol
fluid; water; ions in The Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) What does it look like and Do
A Membrane network with Two Part Rough ER and Smooth ER
Rough ER(Endoplasmic reticulum)
Connects to the Nucleus has ribosomes and Cisternae(flat stacks tops) IT produces proteins via ribosomes and sends them to the Golgi apparatus
