CH1

Question 1

Why is access to communication so vital?

Answer 1

This is the primary way relationships are formed and maintained

Question 2

Contextual Environment- 2 Examples

Answer 2

• The physical location where the interaction is taking place
• The personal history each participant brings to the event

Question 3

Examples of non-verbal aspects of a message

Answer 3

• facial expressions
• gestures
  -body posture
  -vocal tones
  (etc)

Question 4

Contextual Environment: 4 types of noise and examples of each

Answer 4

• External: Flickering of overhead lights/Insessent coughing
• Physical: (see external)
• Physiological: Illness/Exhaustion
• Psychological: Internal stress/Intrusive thoughts/Personal judgements

Question 5

Name 5 Linguistic Registers and provide examples of where /when they would be utilized

Answer 5

• Frozen: Remains the same whenever utilized (wedding/Funeral)
• Formal: Used when a single speaker(typically) addresses a large audience with virtually no turn taking(Presidential Inaguration)
• Consultative: When one of the parties has expert status in the discussion but desires to interact with the other parties (Commonly between service providers and their clients)
• Informal/Casual: Participants involved have equal status (between neighbors/classmate/peers of equal status)
• Intimate: Communication exchange with individuals of whom have a shared history (dependent on relationship of two individuals- can occur anywhere)

Question 6

What is the purpose of having Pragmatic Rules

Answer 6

help to make sense of the language we encounter in our interactions with others and determine the meaning of the utterance within the given context

Question 7

List 4 types of language usage and theri definition

Answer 7

• Equivocal Language: deliberate use of words/signs/phrases that can be interpreted in more than one way
• Euphemistic Language: use of socially acceptable terms and phrases in place if blunt, descriptive ones
• Abstract Language: refers to degrees of imprescision in communication ‘the less specific something is the more abstract it is’
• Passive Voice: refers ti a statement in which the person or thing performing the action is not overtly stated

Question 8

Powerless Forms of Language (min 4 ex/6ex)

Answer 8

Hedges, Hesitations, Intensifiers, Polite Forms, Tag questions and “up talk”, Disclaimers

Question 9

What factors make up the meaning of a message?

Answer 9

Speakers Goal, Context, Directness, Power Dynamics, Register, (etc)

Question 10

List 5/10 things that Register determines

Answer 10

• Turn-taking and interaction between the sender and receiver of the message
• Complexity and completeness of sentence structure
• Choice of Vocabulary
• Use of contradictions
• Volume of speech or size of signs
• Rate(i.e. speed) of speech or signs
• Clarity(i.e. diction, enunciation, etc.) of signs or speech
• Speaker goals
• Use of fillers and hesitations
• Allowable topics ot discussion