Ch1 And Sono Review Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
Anemia
A
RBC count or the hemoglobin is decreased
2
Q
Anticoagulation Therapy
A
Drug therapy in which anticoagulant medications are given to a patient to slow the rate at which the patient’s blood clots
3
Q
Ascites
A
A collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity
4
Q
Chromatin Cells
A
the cells in the adrenal medulla that secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine
5
Q
Clinical Findings
A
the information gathered by obtaining a clinical history
6
Q
Clinical History
A
a patient’s signs and symptoms, pertinent illnesses, past surgeries, laboratory findings, and the results of other diagnostic testing
7
Q
Coagulopathies
A
disorders that result from the body’s inability to coagulate or form blood clots also referred to as bleeding disorders
8
Q
Computed tomography (CT)
A
an imaging modality that uses X-ray to obtain cross-sectional images of the body in multiple planes; also referred to as CT or CAT scan
9
Q
Elastography
A
a sonographic technique employed to evaluate a mass based on its stiffness, ultimately providing a prediction as to whether a mass is more likely malignant or benign
10
Q
Endoscopy
A
a means of looking inside of the human body using an endoscope
11
Q
Exudate Ascites
A
a collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity that may be associated w/ cancer
12
Q
Fluid-fluid level
A
A distinctive line seen within a cyst representing the layering of two different fluid densities
13
Q
Gastrin
A
hormone produced by the stomach lining that is used to regulate the release of digestive acid
14
Q
hematocrit
A
a laboratory value that indicates the amount of RBC in the blood
15
Q
Homeostasis
A
the body’s ability or tendency to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiologic processes
16
Q
Hyperthyroidism
A
A condition that results from the overproduction of thyroid hormones
17
Q
Hypothyroidism
A
a condition that results from the underproduction of thyroid hormones
18
Q
Intraluminal
A
something located within the lumen or opening of an organ or structure
19
Q
Intraperitoneal
A
located within the parietal peritoneum
20
Q
Kaposi sarcoma
A
cancer that causes lesions to develop not the skin and other places; often associated with AIDS
21
Q
Leukocytosis
A
an elevated WBC count
22
Q
Lymphadenopathy
A
disease or enlargement of the lymph nodes
23
Q
lymphedema
A
build-up of lymph that is most likely caused by the obstruction of lymph drainage
24
Q
mass effect
A
the displacement or alteration of normal anatomy that is located adjacent to a tumor
25
Morrison pouch
the space between the liver and the right kidney; also referred to as the posterior right subhepatic space
26
Multiloculated
having many cavities
27
mural nodules
small solid internal projections of tissue originating from the wall of cyst
28
nosocomial infections
hospital-acquired infections
29
nuclear medicine
a diagnostic imaging modality that utilizes the administration of radionuclides into the human body for an analysis of the function of organs or for the treatment of various abnormalities
30
oncocytes
large cells of glandular origin
31
paracentesis
a procedure that uses a needle to drain fluid from he abdominal cavity for diagnostic and/or therapeutic reasons
32
parietal peritoneum
the portion of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities
33
pineal gland
endocrine gland located in the brain that secretes melatonin
34
radiography
a diagnostic imaging modality that uses ionizing radiation for imaging bones, joints, organs, and some other soft tissue structures
35
serial fluid
fluid that is secreted by the serous membranes to reduce friction in the peritoneal and other cavities of the body
36
signs
an objective evidence of disease such as abnormal laboratory findings and fever
37
sonographic findings
information gathered by performing a sonographic examination
38
space of Retzius
the space between the urinary bladder and the pubic bone; also referred to as the retropubic space
39
standoff pad
a gel pad that is used to provide some distance between the tx face and the skin surface, allowing superficial structures to be imaged more clearly
40
symptoms
any subjective evidence of a disease such as nausea, weakness, or numbness
41
thoracentesis
a procedure that uses a needle to drain fluid from the pleural cavity for either diagnostic or therapeutic reasons
42
thymus gland
gland of the immune and lymphatic system located in the chest
43
transudate ascites
a collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity often associated with cirrhosis
44
tumor markers
substances produced by cancer cells or organs in response to cancer
45
unilocular
having a single cavity
46
visceral peritoneum
the portion of the peritoneum that is closely applied to each organ
47
voiding cystourethrogram
a radiographic examination used to evaluate the lower urinary tract, where a contrast agent is instilled into the urinary bladder by means of urethral catheterization
48
Wilson disease
a congenital disorder that causes a person to retain excess copper
49
Normal echogenicity of the abdominal organs - Greatest (brightest) to least (darkest)
renal sinus -> pancreas -> spleen -> liver -> renal cortex -> renal pyramids -> gallbladder
50
_ frequency = _ resolution = _ penetration
INCREASE frequency = INCREASE resolution = DECREASE penetration
DECREASE frequency = DECREASE resolution = INCREASE penetration
51
intraperitoneal
```
gallbladder
liver (except for bare area)
ovaries
spleen (except for splenic hilum)
stomach
```
52
retroperitoneal
```
abdominal lymph nodes
adrenal glands
aorta
ascending and descending colon
duodenum
ivc
kidneys
pancreas
prostate gland
ureters
urinary bladder
uterus
```
53
subphrenic spaces
inferior to the diaphragm, divided into right and left
54
subhepatic spaces is...
| aka?
divided into right (anterior and posterior and left
right is located between the right lobe of the liver & right kidney
posterior right sub hepatic space is also referred to as MORRISON POUCH
left is located between the left lobe of liver & stomach
55
retropubic space is...
| AKA?
between the pubic bone and the urinary bladder
| also referred to as the SPACE OF RETZIUS
56
Lesser sac
between the stomach and pancreas
| common location for pancreatic pseudocysts
57
parabolic gutters
extend alongside the ascending and descending colon on both sides of the abdomen
58
posterior cul-de-sac
Male:
aka?
Female:
AKA?
Male: between the urinary bladder & rectum, also referred to as the RECTOVESICAL POUCH
Female: between the uterus and rectum; also referred to as POUCH OF DOUGLAS and RECTOUTERINE POUCH
59
anterior cul-de-sac
AKA in females:
between the urinary bladder and uterus
also called VESICOUTERINE POUCH in females
60
adenoma
tumor of glandular origin is found in most organs
61
adrenal rest tumor
tumor containing adrenal tissue usually in the testicle
62
angiomyolipoma
tumor of blood vessels, muscle and fat usually found in the kidneys
63
focal nodular hyperplasia
abnormal accumulation of cells within a focal region of an organ usually found in the liver
64
granuloma
tumor consisting of a group of inflammatory cells usually found in the liver and spleen
65
gastrinoma
tumor that secretes gastrin, usually in the pancreas
66
hamartoma
tumor consisting of an overgrowth of numeral cells of an organ, usually found in the kidney
67
hemangioma
tumor consisting of blood vessels, usually found in the liver, spleen, and kidney
68
hematoma
localized collection of blood, can be found anywhere an organ/tissue is affected by trauma
69
insulinoma
tumor that secretes insulin usually in the pancreas
70
lipoma
tumor that consists of fat usually found in the liver, spleen, kidney and can be superficial
71
oncocytoma
tumor consisting of oncocytes (lg cells of glandular origin) usually found in the kidney
72
pheochromocytoma
tumor that consists of chromaffin cells (cells int he adrenal medulla that secretes epinephrine & no repinephrine) of the adrenal gland
73
teratoma
tumor that consists of tissue from all three germ cell layers usually found in testicles or ovaries
74
urinoma
localized collection of urine and can be adjacent to a kidney transplant
75
adenocarcinoma
cancer of glandular origin usually found in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract
76
angiosarcoma
cancer int he lining of vessels (lymphatic or vascular) can be found in the spleen
77
choriocarcinoma
cancer that consists of trophoblastic cells usually found in the testicle
78
cholangiocarcinoma
cancer of the bile ducts usually found int he biliary tree
79
cystadenocarcinoma
cancer that is fundamentally adenocarcinoma with cystic components usually found in the pancreas
80
embryonal cell carcinoma
cancer that is of germ cell origin usually found int he testicle
81
follicular carcinoma
cancer of aggressive abnormal epithelial cells usually the thyroid
82
hepatocellular carcinoma (Hepatoma)
cancer that originates in the hepatocytes usually found in the liver
83
hypernephroma (renal cell carcinoma)
cancer that originates in the tubules of the kidney
84
leukemia (focal)
cancer of the blood cells usually found in the spleen, liver, and testicle
85
lymphoma
cancer of the lymphatic system (spleen, kidney, and testicle)
86
medullary carcinoma
cancer originating from he parafollicular cells of the thyroid
87
papillary carcinoma
cancer that has formation of many irregular fingerlike projections (thyroid)
88
seminoma
cancer that originates in the seminiferous tubules (testicle)
89
transitional cell carcinoma
cancer that originates in the transitional epithelium of an organ or structure (bladder, ureter, and kidney)
90
yolk sac tumor
cancer that is of germ cell origin (testicle)
91
hepatoblastoma
pediatric abdominal masses (liver)
92
Nephroblastoma
| AKA
Wilms tumor
| pediatric abdominal masses (kidney)
93
Neuroblastoma
pediatric abdominal masses (adrenal gland)
94
alpha-Fetoprotein
tumor marker that may be elevated with some cancers: liver, ovarian, and testicular cancers
95
CA 15-3
tumor marker that may be elevated with some cancers: breast
96
CA 19-9
tumor marker that may be elevated with some cancers:pancreatic, biliary tract, stomach, and colon
97
CA-125
tumor marker that may be elevated with some cancers: ovarian
98
Calcitonin
tumor marker that may be elevated with some cancers: medullary thyroid cancer
99
beta-hCG
tumor marker that may be elevated with some cancers: testicular cancers and germ cell tumors
100
LDH
tumor marker that may be elevated with some cancers: testicular, ovarian, and other germ cell tumors
101
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
inherited condition that causes cysts in multiple organs; usually seen in adults later in life (kidneys, liver, spleen, and pancreas)
102
autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
inherited contain that causes cysts in the kidneys, renal failure, and hepatic fibrosis; usually discovered in utero or in newborns (kidneys and livers)
103
AIDS & HIV
virus that attacks the immune system (liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and skin tumors (KAPOSI SARCOMA)
104
Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome
growth disorder that causes enlargement of many organs and structures; increased risk for kidney and liver cancer in children (skill, abdominal visceromegaly, and tongue (macroglossia)
105
Budd-CHiari syndrome
narrowing or occlusion of the hepatic veins and possible IVC (liver & IVC)
106
Conn syndrome
results from high levels of aldosterone; can be caused by adrenal adenoma (adrenal glands)
107
Crohn disease
autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract)
108
Cushing syndrome
results from high levels of cortisol; can be caused by adrenal adenoma (adrenal glands)
109
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
rare complication of pelvic inflammatory disease causing inflammation of the tissue around the liver
110
Graves disease
associated with hyperthyroidism
111
Hashimoto disease
associated with hypothyroidism
112
Klinefelter syndrome
genetic condition in which a male has an extra X chromosome (testicles and male breast)
113
Marfan syndrome
disorder of the connective tissue (heart, vascular structures, and skeleton)
114
Mirizzi syndrome
jaundice, pain, and fever associated with a stone lodged in the cystic duct (liver, gallbladder, and biliary tract)
115
Nephrotic syndrome
damaged filtration of kidneys causes excessive protein in the urine (proteinuria) (kidneys, swelling of feet and ankles)
116
sarcoidosis
inflammatory disease that results in scar tissue development in multiple organs (liver, spleen, kidneys, testicles, lymphatic, and lungs)
117
tuberculosis
infectious disease spread through the air (lungs, lymphatic, and testicles)
118
tuberous sclerosis
rare genetic disorder that leads to the development of tumors within various organs (brain, heart, and kidneys (angiomyolipoma)
119
von-Hippel-Lindau disease
rare genetic disorder characterized by cysts and tumors in various organs (pancreas, kidneys, and adrenal glands)
120
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
tumor (gastronome) int he pancreas or intestine that causes an increase in production of gastrin)
