Ch.1- Cell and Molecular Bio

Question 1

Generic Formula of Sugar

Answer 1

C(x)H(2x)Ox

Question 2

Molecular Formula of Glucose

Answer 2

C6H12O6

Question 3

Alpha-Glucose

Answer 3

OH on bottom (See notes)

Question 4

Beta-Glucose

Answer 4

OH on top (See notes)

Question 5

Carbons in Ribose

Answer 5

5

Question 6

Bond in Dissacharides

Answer 6

Glycosidic linkage

Formed via condensation/dehydration reactions

Question 7

Sucrose

Answer 7

Glucose + Fructose

Question 8

Lactose

Answer 8

Glucose+ Galactose

Question 9

Maltose

Answer 9

Glucose + Glucose

Question 10

Starch

Answer 10

Energy storage in plant cells

Polymer of alpha- glucose molecules

Question 11

Glycogen

Answer 11

Energy storage in animals
Polymer of alpha-glucose molecules
Has branhces

Question 12

Cellulose

Answer 12

Structural role of walls in plant cells
Polymer of beta glucose

Beta-1,4 glycosidic - very rigid

Question 13

Chitin

Answer 13

Structural role in walls of fungus and in exoskeletons of arthropods
Beta glucose polymer

Has beta 1,4 glycosidic bond

Has a N attached to each glucose molecule

Question 14

Function of lipids

Answer 14

Insulation
Energy storage
Structural roles (cholesterol, phospholipids)
Endocrine function

Question 15

Glycolipid

Answer 15

Similar to phospholipid

Contains CHO molecule instead of phosphate group

Question 16

Steroids

Answer 16

Backbone form 4 C rings linked together

Prokaryotes don’t have sterols

Question 17

Generic structure of Amino Acid

Answer 17

C bonded to

• Aminoa group
• Carboxyl group
• Hydrogen
• R group

Question 18

Formation of peptide

Answer 18

Produces water

Forms Peptide bond using peptidyl transferases

Question 19

Storage proteins

Answer 19

Casein (milk)

Ovalbumin (egg whites)

Question 20

Transport proteins

Answer 20

Vesicles that transport materials in and out of cells

Question 21

Cytochromes

Answer 21

Transport proteins that carry electrons

Question 22

Defensive Proteins

Answer 22

Ab

Question 23

Enzymes

Answer 23

Regulates rate of chemical reactions

Question 24

Denaturation

Answer 24

Structures above secondary level is removed
Not broken down into individual amino acids

Usually irreversible, but can sometimes be reverse with the removal of denaturing agent

Question 25

Nucleotides

Answer 25

N base 5 C sugar (i.e. deoxyribose) Phosphate gorup

Question 26

Neucleoside

Answer 26

Only sugar and base

Question 27

Purines

Answer 27

A,G | 2 rings

Question 28

Pyrimadines

Answer 28

1 ring | C,T

Question 29

DNA vs RNA

Answer 29

RNA has ribose not deoxyribose U not T Single stranded

Question 30

Cell Theory

Answer 30

All living organisms are composed of 1+ cells Cells are the basic unit of structure,function and organization in all organisms All cells come from pre-existing, living cells Cells carry hereditary information

Question 31

RNA World Hypothesis

Answer 31

Self replicating RNA molecules were precursors to current life (based on DNA, RNA, proteins) RNA stores genetic info like DNA, catalyzes chemical reactions RNA unstable compared to DNA,, more likely to participate in chem reactions due to its extra OH group

Question 32

Central Dogma of Genetics

Answer 32

Info in genes flows into proteins DNA---> RNA---> Protein Can't go from protein back to nucleic acid

Question 33

Ribozymes

Answer 33

RNA molecule capable of acting as an enzyme Sometimes DNA is converted to RNA to function as an ribozyme

Question 34

H bond Between C:G

Answer 34

3

Question 35

H Bonds Between A:T

Answer 35

2

Question 36

Amylose

Answer 36

Linear plant starch Forms alpha 1, 4 glycosidic bonds

Question 37

Amylopeptic

Answer 37

Branched from of plant starch Alpha 1,4 (linear) or Alpha 1,6-glycosidic (branches)

Question 38

3 Structural Classifications of Protein

Answer 38

Fibrous, globular, intermediate

Question 39

Fibrous Proteins

Answer 39

Insoluble Long polymer fibers/sheets Form structural components of cells i.e collagen

Question 40

Globular Proteins

Answer 40

Soluble Tightly folded i.e. Albumin

Question 41

Intermediate Structural Proteins

Answer 41

Soluble Fiber shaped i.e. Fibrinogen

Question 42

Conjugated Protein

Answer 42

Have aa and non-protein components i.e. glycoproteins

Question 43

Holoenzymes

Answer 43

Enzymes bound to their cofactor

Question 44

Apoenzyme

Answer 44

Enzyme not bound to its cofactor

Question 45

Bonds in TAG

Answer 45

Ester

Question 46

Light Microscopes are good for seeing

Answer 46

Cell organization Cell division Movement

Question 47

Electron Microscopy

Answer 47

Electrons have smaller wavelength= higher resolution and magnification

Question 48

SEM

Answer 48

Focused beam of electrons scans sample's surface Good for studying surface topography, morphology, composition

Question 49

TEM

Answer 49

Electrons transmitted through surface Sample needs to be fixed first Good for studying internal structures

Question 50

Fluorescence Microscope

Answer 50

Good for studying movement in cell, across PM, or in protein interactions