Plant Tissue and Structure

Question 1

Ground Tissue

Answer 1

Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Scierenchyma

Question 2

Parenchyma

Answer 2

Site of photosynthesis

Has thin cell walls

Question 3

Collenchyma

Answer 3

Mechanical support and has thick cell walls, but flexible

Question 4

Scierenchyma

Answer 4

Mechanical support

Thickest cell walls

Question 5

Dermal Tissue

Answer 5

Epidermal cell (secrete waxy cuticle)
Guard cells (around stomata)
Specialized cells (i.e. hair, glandular...etc)

Question 6

Vascular Bundle

Answer 6

Xylem + Phloem

Question 7

Xylem

Answer 7

Used for water and mineral transport

Acts as mechanical support

Contains a secondary cell wall for added strength

Dead cells at maturity, consist of cell walls but lack the cellular components

2 types- tracheids, vessel elements

Question 8

Pits

Answer 8

Where secondary cell wall is absent

Question 9

Tracheids

Answer 9

Long and tapered

Water passes from one tracheid to another through pits on the overlapping tapered ends of cells

Question 10

Vessel Elements

Answer 10

Shorter and wider than tracheids

Have less or no taper at their ends

Column of vessel members = vessel

Question 11

Perforations in Vessel Elements

Answer 11

Holes between cells

Water passes from one vessel member to the next through areas devoid of both primary and secondary cell walls (perforations)

Water moves through better and more easily through perforations than tracheids (more evolutionary advanced)

Question 12

Phloem

Answer 12

Transport sugars

Made up of sieve tube member cells

Question 13

Sieve tube members

Answer 13

Form fluid conducting columns called sieve tubes

Are living at maturity (unlike xylem cells)

Lack nuclei and ribosomes, but contain other cell components

Pores on ends of cells form sieve plates

Each sieve tube member is connected with companion cells (parenchyma) by a plasmodesmata tube

Question 14

Sieve plates

Answer 14

Junctions hat connect 2 cell cytoplasms

Question 15

Gymnosperms

Answer 15

Conifer seeds

Question 16

Angiosperms

Answer 16

Flowering plants seed

Can be dicots (2 seeds inside seed coat), or monocots (1 seed inside seed coat)

Question 17

Seed

Answer 17

Embryo + seed coat + storage material

Storage material can be endosperm or cotyldons (formed by digesting/using storage material in endosperm

Question 18

Parts of embryo

Answer 18

Epicotyl
Plumule
Hypocotyl
Radicle
Coleoptile

Question 19

Epicotyl

Answer 19

Top part of seed

Becomes the shoot tip

Question 20

Plumule

Answer 20

Young leaves attached to the epicotyl

Question 21

Hypocotyl

Answer 21

Below the epicotyl
Attached to the cotyledons
Becomes the young shoot

Question 22

Radicle

Answer 22

Develops into the root

Only forms in some plants

Question 23

Coleoptile

Answer 23

A sheath that surrounds and protects the epicotyl

Question 24

Germination

Answer 24

Seed reaches maturity and becomes dormant until certain cues are triggers for it to grow (water, temperature, light…etc)

Question 25

Process of Germination

Answer 25

Absorption of water causes seed to swell, seed coat cracks Radicle produces roots to anchor the seed (root cap protects apical meristem behind it) Hypocotyl elongates, producing shoot In young seedling, grows at apical meristems (tip of roots and shoots)

Question 26

Meristematic

Answer 26

Areas of cells actively divididing Forms zone of cell division

Question 27

Zone of elongation

Answer 27

After division, newly formed cells absorb water and begin to elongate (Growth)

Question 28

Zone of maturation/differentiation

Answer 28

Cells mature into xylem, phloem, parenchyma, or epidermal cells

Question 29

Primary growth

Answer 29

Mostly occurs for monocots Actively dividing cells are only at the apical meristerms Increases length of root or shoot Primary tissues develop from this type of growth (primary xylem and primary phloem)

Question 30

Secondary Growth

Answer 30

Occurs in conifers and woody dicots Occurs in addition to primary growth Increases the lateral dimensions of the plant (girth) Occurs at 2 lateral meristerms (vascular cambium, cork cambium)

Question 31

Vascular cambium

Answer 31

Produces secondary xylem and phloem

Question 32

Cork cambium

Answer 32

Produces periderm (protective covering on outside)

Question 33

Stamen

Answer 33

Male reproductive structure of angiosperms

Question 34

Pistil

Answer 34

Female reproductive structure

Question 35

Sepal

Answer 35

Part of a flower Encloses petals

Question 36

Peduncle

Answer 36

Stalk part of flower Bears flower/fruit