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Network Concepts ITN101 > Ch1 Intro to Networking > Flashcards

Ch1 Intro to Networking Flashcards

1
Q

AD (active directory)

A

central directory database with user account info and security for entire group of computers and network

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2
Q

AD DS (active directory domain services)

A

active directory service that manages user sign in protocols for network access to resources

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3
Q

API (application programming interface) call

A

process an application uses to make a request to the operating server

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4
Q

application layer

A

application protocols enable software to negotiate format, procedure, security, synchronization, and other network requirements. 7th layer of OSI model.

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5
Q

backbone

A

central channel of network that connects network segments and shared devices (“network of networks”)

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6
Q

bus topology

A

single cable connects all nodes on a network

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7
Q

CAN (campus area network)

A

network of connected LANs within limited geographical area

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8
Q

catastrophic failure

A

destroys component beyond use

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9
Q

client

A

computer or application making a request (to another computer or application)

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10
Q

client-server application

A

data or service requested by one computer from another

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11
Q

client-server network model

A

network where resources are managed by the NOS (network operating system) via a central directory database

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12
Q

connectionless protocol

A

transport layer protocol that services request without a verified session and with no guaranteed delivery (fast though)

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13
Q

connection-oriented protocol

A

transport layer protocol that requires established connection between communicating nodes before transmitting data

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14
Q

data link layer

A

bridges the physical layer’s networking media with network layer processes. 2nd layer of OSI model.

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15
Q

data link layer address

A

same as Media access control (MAC). a 48- or 64- bit network interface identifier including an OUI assigned by the IEEE to the manufacturer, and the extension identifier, a unique number assigned to each NIC by manufacturer

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16
Q

datagram

A

a user datagram protocol (UDP) message at the transport layer

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17
Q

decapsulation

A

removing the header or trailer from a lower OSI layer

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18
Q

domain

A

group of users, servers, and resources that share account and security privileges

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19
Q

emergency alert system

A

generates loud noise and flashing lights in response to environmental threat (may send messages as well)

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20
Q

encapsulation

A

adding a header to data inherited from the layer above

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21
Q

ESD (electrostatic discharge)

A

transfer of static electricity. Transfer of electrical charge between bodies.

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22
Q

fail close

A

system default that denies access during a system or network failure

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23
Q

fail open

A

system default that allows access during a system or network failure

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24
Q

fire suppression system

A

system designed to combat fire outbreak

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25
Q

firmware

A

programs embedded into hardware devices

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26
Q

fragmentation

A

network layer service subdivides packets into smaller packets when too big

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27
Q

frame

A

data link layer message, including the header, payload, and trailer

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28
Q

FTP (file transfer protocol)

A

application layer protocol used to send and receive files via TCP/IP

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29
Q

grounding

A

connecting device directly to the earth to release energy in the event of a short circuit

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30
Q

hardware address

A

same as Media access control (MAC). a 48- or 64- bit network interface identifier including an OUI assigned by the IEEE to the manufacturer, and the extension identifier, a unique number assigned to each NIC by manufacturer

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31
Q

header

A

area at beginning of payload where protocols add control information

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32
Q

host

A

any computer or device on a network that provides or uses a resource, such as data or an application

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33
Q

HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol)

A

application layer protocol that formulates and interprets requests between web clients and servers

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34
Q

HTTPS (HTTP secure)

A

URL prefix that requires webpage data to be exchanged between client and server using SSL or TLS encryption

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35
Q

hub

A

outdated connectivity device that retransmits incoming data signals to multiple ports (physical layer OSI)

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36
Q

hybrid topology

A

physical topology that combines characteristics of multiple simple physical topologies

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37
Q

IMAP4 (internet message access protocol, version 4)

A

mail retrieval protocol that allows users to store messages on the mail server

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38
Q

IP (internet protocol)

A

core network OSI protocol that provides info on how and where data should be delivered

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39
Q

IP address

A

unique network layer address assigned to each node on a TCP/IP network

40
Q

knowledge base

A

collection of accumulated insights and solutions to problems encountered on a network

41
Q

LAN (local area network)

A

network of computers and devices confined to a small space. Each node can communicate directly with others on the same LAN

42
Q

logical topology

A

way in which data is transmitted between nodes, including how network access and resource sharing are controlled

43
Q

MAC (media access control) address

A

a 48- or 64- bit network interface identifier including an OUI assigned by the IEEE to the manufacturer, and the extension identifier, a unique number assigned to each NIC by manufacturor

44
Q

MAN (metropolitan area network)

A

network of connected LANs within a limited geographical area, such as multiple city government buildings

45
Q

mesh topology

A

network with several interconnected nodes. No single node controls communication on the network.

46
Q

MSDS (material safety data sheets)

A

instructions for dealing with dangerous substances, including handling and disposal

47
Q

network

A

group of computers and devices connected by and can exchange data with transmission media (cable, wire, atmosphere)

48
Q

network layer

A

responsible for moving messages between networks. 3rd OSI layer (internet layer).

49
Q

network service

A

resource made available by the network to users (applications, data)

50
Q

NIC (network interface card)

A

device that allows a workstation to connect to the network and communicate with other computers

51
Q

node

A

computer or device on a network that can be addressed on the local network

52
Q

NOS (network operating system)

A

software that runs on a server and enables the server to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and network functions

53
Q

OSHA (occupational safety & health administration)

A

federal agency that regulates workplace safety

54
Q

OSI (open systems interconnection) reference model

A

model for understanding, developing, and troubleshooting computer-to-computer communication

55
Q

P2P (peer-to-peer) network model)

A

the OS of each computer on the network is responsible for controlling access to its resources

56
Q

PAN (personal area network)

A

network of personal devices (ex: phone, laptop, printer)

57
Q

payload

A

data passing between applications or utility programs and the operating system, including control info

58
Q

PDU (protocol data unit)

A

unit of data at any layer of OSI model

59
Q

physical address

A

same as Media access control (MAC). a 48- or 64- bit network interface identifier including an OUI assigned by the IEEE to the manufacturer, and the extension identifier, a unique number assigned to each NIC by manufacturer

60
Q

physical layer

A

sends bits via wired or wireless transmission. First layer of OSI.

61
Q

physical topology

A

physical layer of media, nodes, and devices on a network

62
Q

POP3 (post office protocol, version 3)

A

application layer protocol to retrieve messages from a mail server. Messages previously stored on the mail server are downloaded to the client’s workstation and then deleted from the main server.

63
Q

port

A

number that identifies a process, ie application or service, running on a computer (TCP & UDP ensure data is transmitted to correct process)

64
Q

PPE (personal protective equipment)

A

wearable equipment to increase worker safety

65
Q

presentation layer

A

protocols reformat, compress, and encrypt data for the receiving application to read. 6th layer of OSI model.

66
Q

protocol

A

standard method for formatting communication between network devices

67
Q

RDP (remote desktop protocol)

A

application layer protocol that uses TCP/IP to transmit graphics and text quickly over a remote client-host connection (carries session, licensing, encryption info)

68
Q

remote application

A

application that is installed and executed on a server, presented to user at client computer

69
Q

remote desktop services

A

allow Windows technicians to manage remote applications

70
Q

ring topology

A

network layout in which each node is connected to the two nearest nodes so the entire network forms a circle. Data is transmitted in one direction around ring. Each node accepts and responds to packets addressed to it, then forwards packets on to the next node.

71
Q

router

A

Layer 3 device that uses logical addressing info to direct data between 2+ networks and finds best path for traffic to flow

72
Q

scalable

A

network property that allows an administrator to add nodes or increase size easily

73
Q

segment

A

TCP message at the transport level

74
Q

server

A

any computer or application that provides a service to other devices

75
Q

session layer

A

how data is synced between applications and recovered. 5th layer of OSI model.

76
Q

SFTP (secure file transfer protocol)

A

securely copies files between hosts (in SSH)

77
Q

SMTP (secure message transfer protocol)

A

application protocol to move messages from email server to another

78
Q

SNMP (simple network management protocol)

A

application protocol (in TCP/IP) to monitor and manage network devices

79
Q

SOHO (small office-home office) network

A

network with less than 10 workstations

80
Q

SSH (secure shell)

A

connection utility that provides authentication and encryption (used to log onto host)

81
Q

SSL (secure sockets layer)

A

method of encrypting TCP/IP transmissions, including webpages and data in forms, en route between the client and server

82
Q

star topology

A

topology in which every node is connected to a central device

83
Q

star-bus topology

A

hybrid topology in which groups of workstations are connected in a star fashion to connectivity devices networked in a single bus

84
Q

static electricity

A

electrical charge at rest. When transferred, it creates electrostatic charge (ESD).

85
Q

switch

A

connectivity device that logically subdivides the network into smaller, individual collision domains

86
Q

TCP (transmission control protocol)

A

makes a connection with the end host, checks whether data is received, and resends it if not (part of TCP/IP)

87
Q

TCP/IP

A

suite of networking protocols that provides the foundation for data exchange across the internet

88
Q

Telnet

A

terminal emulation protocol used to log on to remote hosts using the TCP/IP protocol

89
Q

TLS (transport layer security)

A

encryption for TCP/IP based on secure sockets layer (SSL)

90
Q

topology

A

how parts of a whole work together

91
Q

trailer

A

control information attached to the end of a packet by a data link layer protocol

92
Q

transport layer

A

responsible for transporting application layer payloads from one application to another. 4th level of OSI model.

93
Q

trip hazard

A

items on the ground that could cause someone to stumble

94
Q

UDP (user datagram protocol)

A

TCP/IP that does not guarantee delivery because it does not make the connection before sending data or check to confirm the data is received

95
Q

upset failure

A

damage that can shorten the life of a component and/or cause intermittent errors

96
Q

WAN (wide area network)

A

network that spans a long distance and connects two or more LANs

Network Concepts ITN101 (2 decks)

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