Ch1 Nutrition and Health

Question 1

New challenges for Nutrition Professionals

Answer 1

• Rise in chronic disease
• Population diversity and chronic disease
• Lifestyle intervention and education
• New Direction in Nutrition
• Genes in Nutrition and Health
• Disseminating Nutrition Information

Question 2

what chronic diseases is on the rise

Answer 2

• type 2 diabetes
• cardiovascular disease
• preventative cancer
• aging population growth

Question 3

what population is mainly affecting by type 2 diabetes epidemic

Answer 3

children and young adults

Question 4

what health disparities are related to the population diversity and chronic disease challenge

Answer 4

• socioeconomic status
• race or ethnic group
• availability of health insurance
• language, isolation and discrimination

Question 5

what environmental factors affect lifestyle intervention and education

Answer 5

• energy-dense foods
• lower physical activity
• availability of food
• portion sizes

Question 6

what two branches of science is nutrition based on

Answer 6

• life sciences
• behavioral sciences

Question 7

define nutrition

Answer 7

to nourish: how food enriches life physically, socially, and personally

Question 8

Define Nutrition science

Answer 8

the nutrients required for the body maintenance, growth, activity and reproduction

Question 9

Define Dietetics

Answer 9

a health professional responsible for the practical application of nutrition science through life in health and disease

Question 10

Define Registered Dietitian/Registered Dietitian Nutritionist

Answer 10

nutrition expert on a health team responsible for the patient’s nutritional care (NO DONUTS)

Question 11

Define Public Health Nutritionist

Answer 11

focuses on disease prevention while overseeing care of high-risk groups in the community

Question 12

what are nutrients

Answer 12

a specific chemical compound and element found in food

Question 13

Name the essential Nutrients

Answer 13

macronutrients
micronutrients
water

Question 14

what’s metabolism?

Answer 14

sum of all chemical reactions that take place in the body

Question 15

what are macronutrients

Answer 15

carbohydrates
fats
proteins

Question 16

what are micronutrients

Answer 16

vitamins
minerals

Question 17

3 general functions of nutrients

Answer 17

1) provide energy
2) build and repair body tissues and structures
3) regulate all metabolic process to maintain homeostasis and support life

Question 18

function of carbohydrates

Answer 18

acts and body’s primary source of fuel for heat and energy

Question 19

what’s glycogen

Answer 19

storage form of carbohydrates and used for quick energy

Question 20

glucose is thought of as the…

Answer 20

energy currency of the body

Question 21

what the fuel factor?

Answer 21

1 gram carbohydrates = 4 kcal (kilocalories)

Question 22

where are the majority of kcals obtained?

Answer 22

complex carbohydrates (starches)
simple carbohydrates (sugars)

Question 23

where are fats from and what do they provide

Answer 23

from animal and plant sources

stores or is alternate energy and are essential fatty acids

Question 24

what percent of kcals should fat provide

Answer 24

20% - 35%

Question 25

primary function of protein

Answer 25

tissue building and to be used for energy if needed

Question 26

percent of kcals protein provides

Answer 26

10% - 35%

Question 27

what regulatory substances do proteins form

Answer 27

enzymes
hormones

Question 28

function of minerals

Answer 28

to help build tissues with specific functions

Question 29

function of vitamins

Answer 29

complex molecules needed in minute amounts
essential to certain tissues

Question 30

in metabolic regulation minerals serve as what?

Answer 30

the cofactors in controlling cell metabolism

Question 31

in metabolic regulation vitamins serve as?

Answer 31

control reaction that produces energy and synthesizes important molecules

Question 32

why is water important for metabolic rgulation?

Answer 32

a regulatory agent that provides fluid environment for metabolic reactions

Question 33

2 parts of nutrient interaction

Answer 33

1) individual nutrients work in different metabolic functions with different roles each time
2) no nutrient ever works alone

Question 34

Nutrition Status euqals?

Answer 34

Nutritional Status = Nutritional Health

Question 35

what nutritional status v dietary status actually means

Answer 35

where you stand compared to what you actually eat

Question 36

what’s primary nutrient deficiency?

Answer 36

insufficient dietary intake

Question 37

what’s secondary nutrient deficiency?

Answer 37

poor absorption or metabolism from some interfering factor

Question 38

Sum up Undernutrition

Answer 38

meeting day to day needs but has not saved reserves for just in case

Question 39

sum up Optimal Nutrition

Answer 39

meet day to day nutrient need and has good stores that are on the upper end of normal

Question 40

sum up overt malnutrition

Answer 40

not meeting day-to-day needs and nutrient stores are hella depleted

Question 41

who does overt malnutrition mainly affect? how?

Answer 41

toddlers, children and pregnant women

iron levels low enough to effect immune system
cognitive development slowed
decreased birth weight

Question 42

what’s nutrient density?

Answer 42

relative nutrient content of a food in relation to energy content

Question 43

what are the nutrition guides for food selection?

Answer 43

nutrition standards
dietary guidelines
food guides

Question 44

Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)

Answer 44

framework of nutrient standards that provide reference values for healthy people

Question 45

Recommended Dietary Allowance

Answer 45

intake goal for healthy people

Question 46

Adequate INtake

Answer 46

when not enough info available to develop a RDA and nutrients giving health benefits