CH1 Quiz

Question 1

Longitudinal studies test people:

Answer 1

over long periods of time.

Question 2

Attachment theory was formulated by:

Answer 2

John Bowlby.

Question 3

A major problem with conducting true experiments in developmental science is that that they may:

Answer 3

be unethical.

Question 4

The principle that one needs to select the environment that is right for one’s talents and skills is called the _____ fit.

Answer 4

person-environment

Question 5

Two specific areas in human development include _____ and _____.

Answer 5

adult development; gerontology

Question 6

James and his identical twin brother Henry were raised by different parents. If James and Henry met as adults, they would tend to be MOST similar in:

Answer 6

intelligence quotient (IQ).

Question 7

The fact that lifespan development draws information from a variety of disciplines such as nursing, psychology, and neuroscience demonstrates that lifespan development is:

Answer 7

multidisciplinary.

Question 8

_____ is a field devoted to scientifically determining the role that hereditary forces play in determining individual differences.

Answer 8

Behavioral genetics

Question 9

Dr. Leech believes in the value of using many different approaches to understand development. Dr. Leech is adopting the _____ approach.

Answer 9

developmental systems

Question 10

Josephine has just given birth without a spouse. According to recent statistics, her infant joins the ranks of the _____ percent of U.S. babies born to unmarried women.

Answer 10

48

Question 11

Which statement is true?

Answer 11

Women are more physiologically “hardy” than men.

Question 12

People who stay in longitudinal studies tend to be:

Answer 12

highly motivated and successful.

Question 13

When researchers test groups of people and use numerical scales and statistics, they are conducting:

Answer 13

quantitative research.

Question 14

What is Erik Erikson’s first psychosocial task?

Answer 14

basic trust

Question 15

Dr. Styler studies universal human tendencies, speculating that these are biological predispositions that promote survival. Dr. Styler is a(n):

Answer 15

evolutionary psychologist.

Question 16

A cross-sectional study compares people:

Answer 16

in different age groups at the same time.

Question 17

Correlational research:

Answer 17

cannot tell about specific causes or determine what causes what.

Question 18

This field of study is related to gerontology.

Answer 18

adult development

Question 19

According to traditional behaviorists, one’s voluntary actions are learned by:

Answer 19

operant conditioning.

Question 20

When was the first institute in the United States devoted to studying child development established?

Answer 20

1890s

Question 21

Ingrid fills out a questionnaire to examine her attitudes toward child discipline. This measurement strategy is called a(n):

Answer 21

self-report strategy.

Question 22

A culture that emphasizes independence, competition, and personal success is called:

Answer 22

individualistic.

Question 23

Genetically determined interests cause people to put themselves in specific environments. The term for this nature-evokes-nurture principle is:

Answer 23

active forces.

Question 24

Built-in temperamental tendencies cause people to act towards others in specific ways. The name for this nature-nurture interaction is:

Answer 24

evocative forces.

Question 25

By randomly assigning people to different conditions in an experiment, a researcher ensures that:

Answer 25

pre-existing differences between the participants “wash out.”

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT an example of a bidirectional relationship?

Answer 26

Mrs. Taylor enjoys doing homework with her son in the evening.

Question 27

Irma has reached the biological limit of human life, or maximum lifespan. Irma is about age:

Answer 27

105.

Question 28

_____ theorists stress the power of modeling in determining one’s actions.

Answer 28

Social learning

Question 29

Genetic tendencies shape the environments to which people are exposed during life. Nature shapes nurture through both _____ and _____ forces.

Answer 29

evocative; active

Question 30

Twin and adoption studies suggest that _____ often plays an important role in human development.

Answer 30

genetics

Question 31

The term for the degree to which a behavior is shaped by genetic forces is:

Answer 31

heritability.

Question 32

At birth, a person’s fifty-fifty chance of living to a given age is called the:

Answer 32

average life expectancy.

Question 33

Lifespan developmentalists are:

Answer 33

researchers and practitioners from multiple disciplines.

Question 34

Professor Cook does qualitative research, which means that she is not interested in making _____, but in conducting _____.

Answer 34

numerical comparisons between groups; in-depth interviews

Question 35

Behaviorists emphasize the crucial role of _____ on behavior.

Answer 35

the environment

Question 36

Professor Carter and her research assistants are conducting a study that involves watching children in a 1st-grade classroom. This study involves:

Answer 36

naturalistic observation.

Question 37

Lifespan development began as the study of:

Answer 37

childhood and adolescence.