ch10 terms

Question 1

acetylcholine

Answer 1

nuerotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells

Question 2

arachnoid membrane

Answer 2

middle layer of 3 membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord

Question 3

afferent nerve

Answer 3

carries messages towards the brain and spinal cord (sensory nerve)

Question 4

astrocyte

Answer 4

type of glial cell that transports water and salts from capillaries

Question 5

autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs

Question 6

axon

Answer 6

microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell

Question 7

blood-brain barrier

Answer 7

protective separation b/w blood and brain cells

Question 8

brainstemm

Answer 8

posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. includes pons & medulla oblongata

Question 9

cauda equina

Answer 9

collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

Question 10

cell body

Answer 10

part of the nerve cell that contains the nucleus

Question 11

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 11

the brain and the spinal cord

Question 12

cerebellum

Answer 12

posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance

Question 13

cerebral cortex

Answer 13

outer region of the cerebrum contains sheets of nerve cells- gray matter

Question 14

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 14

circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord

Question 15

cerebrum

Answer 15

LARGEST PART OF BRAIN, responsible for voluntary muscles movements, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought and memory.

Question 16

cranial nerves

Answer 16

12 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to head and neck (except vagus)

Question 17

dendrite

Answer 17

microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive nervous impulse

Question 18

dura mater

Answer 18

thick, OUTERMOST layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting brain and spinal cord

Question 19

efferent nerve

Answer 19

carries messages AWAY from brain & spinal cord, motor nerve

Question 20

ependymal cell

Answer 20

glial cell that ines membranes within the brain and spinal cord - helps from cerebrospinal fluid

Question 21

ganglion

Answer 21

collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 22

glial (nueroglial) cell

Answer 22

supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nerve impulses (astrocytes, microglial, ependymal cells & oligodendrocytes

Question 23

gyrus (pl gyri)

Answer 23

sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of cerebrl cortex - convolution

Question 24

hypothalamus

Answer 24

portion of brain beneath thalamus- controls sleep, appetite, body temp, & pituitary gland secretion

Question 25

medulla oblongata

Answer 25

part of the brain above spinal cord- controls breathing, heartbeat, bloodvessel size. nerve fibers cross over here

Question 26

meninges

Answer 26

3 protective membranes that surround brain & spinal cord

Question 27

microglial cell

Answer 27

phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from nervous system

Question 28

motor nerve

Answer 28

carries messages away from brain to motor muscles, efferent nerve

Question 29

myelin sheath

Answer 29

covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of nerve cell, speeds up impulse along axon

Question 30

nueron

Answer 30

nerve cell that carries impulses through body, parenchyma of nervous system

Question 31

nuerotransmitter

Answer 31

chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell- stimulates or inhibits another cell (acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin

Question 32

oligodendroglial cell

Answer 32

glial cell that forms the myelin sheath

Question 33

parasympathetic nerves

Answer 33

involuntary autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions- heart rate, breathing, gi tract muscles

Question 34

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 34

nerves outside brain & spinal cord- cranial spinal & autonomic nerves

Question 35

pia mater

Answer 35

thin delicate INNER membrane of meninges

Question 36

plexus

Answer 36

large interlaced network of nerves - lumbosacral, cervical & brachial

Question 37

pons

Answer 37

part of brain anterior to the cerebellum & bw the medulla & rest of midbrain. bridge connecting various parts of brain

Question 38

receptors

Answer 38

organ that receives nervous impulses - nose, eyes, ears, tastebuds

Question 39

sensory nerve

Answer 39

carries messages towards the brain & spinal cord from the receptor- afferent nerve

Question 40

spinal nerves

Answer 40

31 pairs of nerves arising from spinal cord

Question 41

sulcus

Answer 41

depression or groove in surface of cerebral cortex - fissure

Question 42

sympathetic nerves

Answer 42

autonomic nerves that influenc bodily functions involuntarily during times of stress

Question 43

synapse

Answer 43

space through a nervous impulse travels bw nerve cells or nerve & muscle/glandular cell

Question 44

thalamus

Answer 44

main relay center of brain- conducts impulses bw spinal cord & cerebrum- incoming sensory messages are relayed through here & to appropriate places in cerebrum

Question 45

vagus nerve

Answer 45

10th cranial nerve that branches all over body, only cranial nerve to leave brain/spinal cord

Question 46

ventricles of brain

Answer 46

canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid