CH11: The Linux file tree Flashcards
(43 cards)
filesystem hierarchy standard
FHS
The FHS may help make more Unix/Linux file system trees conform better in the future.
he filesystem hierarchy standard has been designed to be used by Unix distribution developers, package developers, and system implementers.
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man hier
find information about the file system hierarchy
the root directory /
The root directory is represented by a forward slash.
Everything that exists on your Linux system can be found below this root directory
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the contet of the root directroy
ls/
bin dev home media mnt proc sbin srv tftpboot usr boot etc lib misc opt root selinux sys tmp var
what is binary directories
Binaries are files that contain compiled source code (or machine code). Binaries can be executed on the computer. Sometimes binaries are called executables.
/bin contains
The /bin directory contains binaries for use by all users.
According to the FHS the /bin directory should contain
/bin/cat and /bin/date (among others).
filesystem hierarchy standard directories categories
binary directories configuration directories data directories in memory directories /usr Unix System Resources /var variable data
Some applications, often when installed directly from source will put themselves in
A samba server installation can use /opt/samba/bin to store its binaries.
/sbin
Many of the system binaries require root privilege to perform certain tasks.
/lib
contains shared libiraies often used by /bin , /sbin
/lib/modules
contains the kernel module
lib32 ,lib 64
32/64 what are these numbers means
the size of the register used during the compilation time of the library
Why 64-bit computer may have 32-bit binaries?
for compatibility with legacy applications
ELF
Executable linkable format
used in almost every unix-like operating system since system V
what is system v
Unix System V (pronounced: “System Five”) is one of the first commercial versions of the Unix operating system. It was originally developed by AT&T
/opt
In many cases this is the software from outside the distribution repository.
the purpose of opt is to store optional software .
How a large package can install its all file
can install its all files in
/bin, /lib, /etc
within
opt/$packagename
binaries in
opt/packagename/bin
messages in
opt/packagename/man
/boot
contains all the files needed to boot the computer.
these files dose’nt change very often.
/boot/grub/grub.conf
define the boot menu that is displayed before the kernal starts
/etc
contains the machine specific configuration files
etc stands for Editable Text Configuration
Many times the name of a configuration files is the same as the application, daemon, or protocol with .conf added as the extension.
Configuration directories
/ boot
/etc
Binary directories
/bin
/sbin
/lib
/opt
data directories
/home /root /media /mnt /tmp
