Ch12-16

Question 1

Crisis

Answer 1

An event that if allowed to escalate can disrupt an organization’s normal operations, jeopardize its reputation, and damage its bottom line

Question 2

Warning Stage

Answer 2

The first stage of a crisis. If warning signs are recognized and appropriate action is taken quickly, the negative effects of a crisis can be averted of minimized

Question 3

Risk Assessment

Answer 3

The first step in effective crisis communications. In this step, practitioners identify potential hazards their organization may face

Question 4

Point of No Return

Answer 4

The second stage of a crisis. Once this moment is reached, a crisis becomes unavoidable

Question 5

Cleanup Phase

Answer 5

The third stage of a crisis. During this stage, an organization deals with a crisis and its after0math. How long this period lasts is influenced by the degree to which the organization is prepared to handle crises

Question 6

Things Return to Normal

Answer 6

The fourth and final stage of a crisis. During this stage, the immediate threat created by the crisis is over, but its lingering effects are still felt. Although things may have returned to “norma,” normality now may be much different from what it was before the crisis

Question 7

Credentialing

Answer 7

A process for establishing the identity of people working in an otherwise restricted area. Usually used in connection with reporters, credentialing invokes issuing passes of badges that give access to an area such as a media information center

Question 8

Intellectual Property

Answer 8

Original work of authorship that are fixed in a tangible form of expression

Question 9

IMC

Answer 9

An organization’s examination and analysis of its own marketing communications: procedures, databases, personnel, messages, and so on

Question 10

Privacy

Answer 10

A person’s right to be left alone and be free from unwarranted publicity

Question 11

Direct Marketing

Answer 11

The delivery of individualized advertising to consumers one at a time as opposed to mass advertising

Question 12

Database Marketing

Answer 12

The use of individual consumer information, stored in a database, to help plan marketing decisions

Question 13

Marketing Mix

Answer 13

The four traditional aspects of marketing; product, price, promotion, and place

Question 14

Appropriation

Answer 14

A tort in libel law. In this context, it is the commercial use of someone’s name, voice, likeness, or other defining characteristics without the person’s consent

Question 15

Insider Trading

Answer 15

The purchase of sale of stocks or bonds on the basis of inside information that is not available to other investors. It is a violation of federal law and professional codes of ethics

Question 16

Defamation

Answer 16

A burden of proof in libel. In that context, defamation in any communication that unfairly injures a person’s reputation and ability to maintain social contacts

Question 17

Copyright

Answer 17

A legal designation that protects original works from unauthorized use. The notion ©, meaning copyright, indicates ownership of intellectual property

Question 18

Litigation Public Relations

Answer 18

The use of public relations research, strategies, and tactics to influence events surrounding legal cases

Question 19

Libel

Answer 19

A false communication that wrongfully injures the reputation of another. ‘to make a successful claim of libel, a plaintiff must meet the requirements of a five-point burden of proof

Question 20

NY Times vs. Sullivan

Answer 20

Landmark 1964 US Spreme Court ruling that established a higher burden of proof in libel cases brought by public officials

Question 21

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Answer 21

A federal agency that administers federal securities laws to ensure that the nation’s securities markets are fair and honest

Question 22

Freedom of Info Act

Answer 22

A federal law requiring all government documents, except those covered by specific exemption, to be open for public inspection

Question 23

Trademarks

Answer 23

A legal designation indicated by the symbol ® that protects names, designs, slogans, and symbols associated with specific products

Question 24

Annual Report

Answer 24

A once-a-year informational conference that a publicly held company must, by law, hold for its stockholders

Question 25

Empowerment

Answer 25

The process through which an individual of a public gains power and influence over personal and/or organizational actions

Question 26

Culture

Answer 26

A collection of distinct publics bound together by shared characteristics such as language, nationality, attitudes, and religious beliefs

Question 27

Cross-Cultural

Answer 27

Occurring between members of different cultures

Question 28

Stereotyping

Answer 28

The assumption that all members of a particular group or culture are the same and act in the same manner

Question 29

Demographics

Answer 29

Data on non attitudinal characteristics of a person or group, such as race, gender, age, and income

Question 30

Greenwash

Answer 30

A term environmentalists use to describe disinformation disseminated by an organization in an effort to present an environmentally responsible image

Question 31

Feminization

Answer 31

The process through which the increasing influence of women is felt upon social, political, and economic issues

Question 32

Baby Boomers

Answer 32

People born between 1945 and 1964

Question 33

Globalization

Answer 33

The growing economic interdependence of the world’s people as a result of technological advances and increasing world trade

Question 34

Public Relations Student Society of America (PRSSA)

Answer 34

An organization for public relations students. It is affiliated with the PRSA

Question 35

Salary Equity

Answer 35

Equal pay for equal work

Question 36

Internships

Answer 36

Temporary, supervised workplace experiences that employers offer to students. Some interns work for academic credit. Others receive a nominal wage for their services. Internships are considered a valuable precursor to a public relations career

Question 37

Velvet Ghetto

Answer 37

Situation that exists when women predominate in lower-paying technical or middle-management jobs, with men dominating upper-level managerial positions

Question 38

Breadwinners

Answer 38

People between the ages of 18 and 65 who typically constitute the labor force. As the so-called baby boomer generation reaches retirement age, the percentage of breadwinners relative to the total US population will decline

Question 39

Green Public Relations

Answer 39

Public relations activities geared toward demonstrating an organization’s commitment to the environment. Increased environmental commitment is sometimes referred to as “going green”