CH12

Question 1

psychologist –

Answer 1

an expert or specialist in the study of the mind (psychology); specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases of the brain, emotional disturbances and behavior problems; limited to talk therapy as treatment; cannot prescribe medications

Question 2

psychiatrist –

Answer 2

a physician who specializes in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of mental
illness; a psychiatrist must receive additional training and serve a supervised residency in his
specialty; can prescribe medication

Question 3

physiologic function:

Answer 3

the nervous system’s interactions with other body tissues and organs

Question 4

psychologic function:

Answer 4

thought processes and how one makes judgements

Question 5

central nervous system –

Answer 5

consists of the brain and spinal cord

Question 6

peripheral nervous system (PNS) –

Answer 6

all aspects of the nervous system that are outside the brain and spinal cord; its nerves are divided into motor nerves and sensory nerves

Question 7

somatic nervous system –

Answer 7

consists of nerves involved with conscious/voluntary activities of the body

Question 8

autonomic nervous system –

Answer 8

consists of nerves involved with involuntary/visceral activities of the body

Question 9

sympathetic nervous system –

Answer 9

the division of the autonomic branch of the peripheral nervous system that simulates the fight-or-flight response

Question 10

parasympathetic nervous system –

Answer 10

the division of the autonomic branch of the peripheral nervous system that simulates the rest and digest response

Question 11

dendrites –

Answer 11

multiple projections that receive a nerve impulse and carry the signal toward the cell body

Question 12

nerve cell body –

Answer 12

contains the nucleus of the cell

Question 13

synapse –

Answer 13

a junction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron

Question 14

nerve root –

Answer 14

the point where a cranial or spinal nerve is attached to the central nervous system

Question 15

myelin–

Answer 15

a sheath of insulating material made of white lipid (fat) covering nerve fibers

Question 16

axon–

Answer 16

a single projection that carries impulses away from the cell body toward its destination

Question 17

nerve –

Answer 17

a cordlike bundle made up of multiple axons

Question 18

neuron –

Answer 18

a nerve cell; composed of a cell body, axon and dendrite; a specialized cell that is capable of transmitting electrical impulses

Question 19

meninges

Answer 19

consists of the dura mater, arachnoid layer, and pia mater

Question 20

dura mater –

Answer 20

the tough outer layer of the meninges

Question 21

pia mater –

Answer 21

the inner layer of the meninges that tightly adheres to the surface of the brain

Question 22

arachnoid layer –

Answer 22

the middle layer of the meninges

Question 23

blood brain barrier (BBB) –

Answer 23

a physical barrier that keeps harmful substances from reaching the brain

Question 24

brainstem –

Answer 24

consists of the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

Question 25

cerebellum –

Answer 25

the second largest portion of the brain and is located beneath the posterior aspect of the large upper portion

Question 26

cerebral cortex –

Answer 26

the outer layer of the brain, which is composed of: the gyri and sulci

Question 27

cerebral hemispheres –

Answer 27

the right and left halves of the cerebrum that are divide by the longitudinal fissure

Question 28

cerebrum –

Answer 28

the larger, upper portion of the brain

Question 29

gyri –

Answer 29

the elevated portions of the cerebrum’s cerebral cortex

Question 30

occiput –

Answer 30

the back of the head

Question 31

spinal cavity –

Answer 31

the space within the vertebral column that contains the spinal cord

Question 32

sulci –

Answer 32

the fissures or valleys noted in the cerebrum

Question 33

ventricles –

Answer 33

four interconnected cavities within the brain that form cerebrospinal fluid

Question 34

atrophy –

Answer 34

muscle wasting; typically, due to the lack of use or the degeneration of cells

Question 35

dysphasia –

Answer 35

difficulty in producing speech (or writing); commonly due to brain disease or traumatic damage of the brain

Question 36

analgesia –

Answer 36

condition of being without pain

Question 37

coma –

Answer 37

a profound unconsciousness from which the patient cannot be aroused

Question 38

syncope –

Answer 38

the medical term for fainting/passing out; it is a transient loss of consciousness and postural tone

Question 39

aura –

Answer 39

sensations such as seeing colors or smelling an unusual odor, that may occur just prior to a seizure or migraine

Question 40

ataxia –

Answer 40

lack of muscle coordination due to disease or neural damage

Question 41

paralysis –

Answer 41

loss of muscle function, loss of sensation, or both

Question 42

monoplegia –

Answer 42

paralysis of one limb

Question 43

paraplegia –

Answer 43

paralysis of the lower portion of the body and both legs

Question 44

hemiplegia –

Answer 44

paralysis of one side of the body

Question 45

quadriplegia –

Answer 45

paralysis of all four extremities

Question 46

monoparesis –

Answer 46

muscle weakness of one limb

Question 47

hemiparesis –

Answer 47

muscle weakness or loss of motion on one side of the body

Question 48

anesthesia –

Answer 48

a condition in which there is lack of feeling or sensation

Question 49

paresthesia –

Answer 49

abnormal sensation such as a burning or tingling

Question 50

cerebral angiography –

Answer 50

an x-ray of the blood vessels of the brain after the injection of a dye

Question 51

electroencephalography (EEG) –

Answer 51

the process of recording the electric activity of the brain

Question 52

hypnotic –

Answer 52

a drug that promotes sleep

Question 53

analgesic –

Answer 53

an agent that relieves pain

Question 54

anesthetic –

Answer 54

produces a loss of sensation or a loss of consciousnes

Question 55

anxiety disorders –

Answer 55

characterized by persistent worry and apprehension

Question 56

kleptomania –

Answer 56

an abnormal, uncontrollable and recurring urge to steal

Question 57

bipolar disorder –

Answer 57

alternating periods of depression and mania

Question 58

dementia –

Answer 58

a progressive mental disorder of the brain; characterized by confusion, disorientation, deterioration of memory and intellectual abilities and personality changes

Question 59

pyromania –

Answer 59

an excessive preoccupation with fire

Question 60

claustrophobia –

Answer 60

a morbid fear of closed or small places

Question 61

paranoia –

Answer 61

persistent delusions of persecution, mistrust, and combativeness

Question 62

schizophrenia –

Answer 62

literally means a split mind; characterized by gross distortion of reality, hallucinations, disturbances of language and communication and disorganized behavior

Question 63

Gyri

Answer 63

Elevated portions of the cerebral cortex

Question 64

Sulci

Answer 64

Fissures or valleys of the cerebrum