CH6 Sec II

Question 1

interstitial fluid

Answer 1

the fluid that exists between cells within body tissues; less known as intercellular

Question 2

lymph

Answer 2

the fluid within the lymph vessels; once interstitial fluid enters the lymph vessels it is called lymph

Question 3

lymphatic system

Answer 3

a network of lymph vessels and nodes; picks up excess interstitial fluid, cleanse it of unwanted materials, returns the lymph fluid to the circulatory system and has specialized cells that absorb fats by the digestive system and transport them

Question 4

lymph capillaries

Answer 4

picks up interstitial fluid that exist within the various tissues of the body

Question 5

lymph ducts

Answer 5

the two largest lymph vessels that return the lymph fluid to the circulatory system via their connection to the right and left subclavian veins

Question 6

lymph vessels

Answer 6

an extensive network of vessels that carries lymph to the lymph nodes and
eventually to the lymph ducts

Question 7

lymph nodes (aka. – lymph glands)

Answer 7

cleanse the lymph fluid of unwanted materials such as pathogens, toxins, and waste products of cellular metabolism as lymph passes through them

Question 8

axillary

Answer 8

armpits

Question 9

cervical

Answer 9

neck

Question 10

inguinal

Answer 10

groin

Question 11

mediastinal

Answer 11

pertaining to the mediastinum, located in the center of the thoracic cavity

Question 12

mesentery

Answer 12

the folds of the membranes that hold the intestines in place

Question 13

tonsils

Answer 13

collections of lymphatic tissue located on each side of pharynx that act as filters to protect the body from invasion of pathogens through digestive or respiratory systems

Question 14

pharyngeal tonsil

Answer 14

so called because they are located in the pharynx (throat)

Question 15

adenoid

Answer 15

chronic hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil

Question 16

palatine tonsils

Answer 16

named because they are in tissue connected to the soft palate

Question 17

lingual tonsil

Answer 17

so named because they are located at the bottom of the tongue

Question 18

spleen

Answer 18

an organ that is part of the lymphatic system which fights invading germs in the blood;
located in the left upper quadrant (LUQ); it also stores a significant amount of blood

Question 19

thymus gland

Answer 19

an endocrine gland that also plays a role in the immune system; it is essential for
proper development of immune in children; located in the mediastinum

Question 20

acquired immunity

Answer 20

a state of immunity that is developed in response to a specific antigen; it is the
result of an infection or immunization

Question 21

flora/normal body flora

Answer 21

the billions of bacteria that exist in the GI tract and the billions of bacteria
and fungi that coexist on our skin

Question 22

immunity

Answer 22

the body’s ability to defend itself against pathogens

Question 23

immunologist

Answer 23

a physician that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases and other disorders of the immune system

Question 24

leukocytes

Answer 24

cells of the immune system that help protect the body against foreign invaders and infectious disease

Question 25

natural (innate) immunity

Answer 25

a state of immunity that is naturally present from birth to death; the mechanisms people are born with that respond to foreign pathogens such as skin, chemicals in the blood, sweat and tears and some types of leukocytes

Question 26

innate

Answer 26

inborn, natural

Question 27

antigen

Answer 27

identifying markers on all cells that indicate whether a cell is one's own or a foreign cell

Question 28

cytotoxic cells

Answer 28

cells that produce molecules that act as a poison/toxin to pathogenic cells; T lymphocytes and natural killer cells are examples

Question 29

pathogenic

Answer 29

disease-causing organisms/agents

Question 30

humoral immunity

Answer 30

pertaining to the adaptive immunity that takes place in the extracellular fluids; the production of antibodies to attack pathogens

Question 31

humoral

Answer 31

pertaining to fluids

Question 32

infection

Answer 32

invasion and growth of disease-causing, parasitic organisms in the body, such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses

Question 33

nosocomial infection

Answer 33

an infection a patient develops in a healthcare setting

Question 34

standard precautions

Answer 34

mandatory guidelines for all employees at risk of exposure to body fluids and all nosocomial infections; hand washing is the most effective method of preventing the spread of infectious diseases

Question 35

immunologist

Answer 35

physician specializing in immunology

Question 36

inflammation

Answer 36

tissue injury response that causes redness, pain, swelling, and hot to the touch

Question 37

lymphedema

Answer 37

edema appearing in the extremities due to an obstruction of the lymph flow through the lymphatic vessels

Question 38

pruritis/pruritus

Answer 38

itchy; the severe itching associated with hives

Question 39

splenomegaly

Answer 39

an enlarged spleen

Question 40

allergen

Answer 40

a substance that induces a hypersensitivity/allergic reaction

Question 41

allergy

Answer 41

a hypersensitivity to a common substance

Question 42

anaphylaxis

Answer 42

a life-threatening, severe allergic response to antigens such as bee stings, nuts, and medications

Question 43

contact dermatitis

Answer 43

skin irritation caused by coming in direct contact with an allergen; includes redness and itching of the skin

Question 44

lymphadenitis

Answer 44

infection/inflammation of the lymph nodes; referred to as swollen glands

Question 45

lymphoma

Answer 45

a tumor in lymphatic tissue

Question 46

lymphangitis

Answer 46

the inflammation of a lymph vessel

Question 47

neoplasm

Answer 47

a mass of new abnormal tissue growth

Question 48

tonsillitis

Answer 48

inflammation of the tonsils

Question 49

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Answer 49

the late stage of HIV infection that occurs when the body’s immune system has been so badly damaged that opportunistic infections occur

Question 50

autoimmune disease

Answer 50

a disease resulting from the body’s immune system attacking its own cells as if they were pathogens

Question 51

immunocompromised

Answer 51

an immune system that is unable to respond properly to pathogens due to a disease process; also called immunodeficiency

Question 52

opportunistic infections

Answer 52

infectious diseases associated with patients who have compromised immune systems and therefore a lowered resistance to infections and parasites

Question 53

metastasize

Answer 53

the spreading of cancer cells to other parts of the body; one of the quickest ways for a cancer to spread is for it to enter the lymphatic system

Question 54

allergy shots

Answer 54

injections of tiny amounts of allergen used to stimulate reduced sensitivity to an allergen; a type of immunotherapy (allergen immunotherapy)

Question 55

immunotherapy

Answer 55

any therapy the stimulates or suppresses the immune system to treat disease/disorders

Question 56

vaccine

Answer 56

a preparation that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies

Question 57

lymphadenectomy

Answer 57

surgical removal/excision of lymph nodes

Question 58

splenectomy

Answer 58

surgical removal of the spleen

Question 59

splenotomy

Answer 59

incision into the spleen

Question 60

thymectomy

Answer 60

surgical removal of the thymus gland

Question 61

tonsillectomy

Answer 61

surgical removal of the tonsils

Question 62

antihistamine

Answer 62

blocks the effects of histamine; a first line drug for patients having an acute allergic reaction that reduces hives and itching

Question 63

corticosteroids

Answer 63

a hormone that has very strong anti-inflammatory properties; particularly effective in treating autoimmune diseases

Question 64

immunosuppressant

Answer 64

an agent that suppress the actions of the immune system; required to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ

Question 65

axill/o

Answer 65

underarm

Question 66

immun/o

Answer 66

protection

Question 67

inguin/o

Answer 67

groin region

Question 68

lymph/o

Answer 68

lymph

Question 69

lymphaden/o

Answer 69

lymph node = lymph gland

Question 70

lymphangi/o

Answer 70

lymph vessel

Question 71

path/o

Answer 71

disease

Question 72

pharyng/o

Answer 72

pharynx (throat)

Question 73

splen/o

Answer 73

spleen

Question 74

-ic, -ac, -al, -tic, -ary, -in

Answer 74

pertaining to

Question 75

-ectomy

Answer 75

surgical excision; surgical removal

Question 76

-edema

Answer 76

swelling

Question 77

-iasis, -osis

Answer 77

condition, abnormal condition

Question 78

-itis

Answer 78

inflammation, infection

Question 79

-globulin

Answer 79

protein

Question 80

-oma

Answer 80

tumor

Question 81

-megaly

Answer 81

enlarged

Question 82

-pathy

Answer 82

disease

Question 83

-therapy

Answer 83

treatment