Ch.13 Social Cognitive Theory Flashcards
(50 cards)
define dysfunctional expectancies
In social-cognitive theory, maladaptive expectations concerning the consequences of specific behaviors.
define Dysfunctional self‐evaluations
In social-cognitive theory, maladaptive standards for self-reward that have important implications for psychopathology.
define Emotion‐focused coping
Coping in which an individual stresses to improve his or her internal emotional state, for example, by emotional distancing or the seeking of social support.
define General principles approach
Higgins’s term for analysis of personality & situational influences on thought/action in which common set of causal principles is used to explain both cross-situational consistency in thought/action that results from personal influences/variability in thought/action that results from situational influences.
define Guided mastery
treatment approach emphasized in social-cognitive theory in which a person is assisted in performing modeled behaviors.
define Implicit theories
Broad, generalized beliefs that we may not be able to state explicitly in words, yet that influence our thinking.
define Knowledge‐and‐appraisal personality architecture or KAPA
Theoretical analysis of personality architecture; distinguishes two aspects of cognition in personality functioning: enduring knowledge and dynamic appraisals of meaning of encounters for self.
define Learning goals
Dweck’s social-cognitive analysis of personality and motivation, a goal of trying to enhance one’s knowledge and personal mastery of a task.
define Performance goals
In Dweck’s social-cognitive analysis of personality and motivation, a goal of trying to make a good impression on other people who may evaluate you.
define Problem‐focused coping
Attempts to cope by altering features of a stressful situation.
define Schemas
Complex cognitive structures that guide information processing.
define Self‐discrepancies
In theoretical analyses of Higgins, incongruities between beliefs about one’s current psychological attributes (the actual self) and desired attributes that represent valued standards or guides.
define Self‐enhancement. What is an example?
motive to maintain or enhance positive views of the self; American idol singers who think they’re amazing when they’re not
define Self‐verification
motive to obtain information that is consistent with one’s self‐concept; can cause dogmatic thinking/lacking psychological flexibility
define Self‐schemas
Cognitive generalizations about the self that guide a person’s information processing.
define Stress inoculation training
procedure to reduce stress developed by Meichenbaum in which clients are taught to become aware of such negative, stress‐inducing cognitions.
define Working self‐concept
subset of the self‐concept that is in working memory at any time; the theoretical idea that different social circumstances may activate different aspects of self‐concept.
define reaction time measures
experiemental methods where experimenter records content of person’s response and how long it takes person to respond
how can self verification show up in negative ways?
cognitive distortions; all or nothing, catastrophic thinking
define entity theory
particular characteristic/trait viewed as fixed
define incremental theory
particular characteristic/trait viewed as open to change
what is the cause of maladaptive behaviour? give an example
results from dysfunctional learning; learned from parents/bad models
eg. conflict avoidance for survival in childhood
what is the result of discrepancies between actual and ideal self?
sadness/depressive symptoms
what is the result of discrepancies between actual and ought self?
agitation/anxiety; social phobias, anxiety disorders
