Chapter 3: Psychodynamic Approach I

Question 1

define anal stage (what age, which stage of develop.)

Answer 1

ages 2-3
second stage of development; Freud’s concept-bodily excitation or tension is the anus

Question 2

define anxiety

Answer 2

a painful emotional experience representing a threat or danger to the person (the ego); repetition of earlier traumatic experience but in a miniature form

Question 3

what is free-floating anxiety

Answer 3

when the person cannot relate their anxiety/distress to a specific source

Question 4

define castration anxiety. Which stage does this occur in?

Answer 4

realization that females lack a penis which leads to fear that he may lose his; phallic stage

Question 5

define catharsis

Question 6

define conscious

Answer 6

includes thoughts of which we are aware at any given moment

Question 7

define death instinct

Answer 7

part of the classic psychoanalytic model; Freud’s concept for drives or sources of energy directed toward death or a return to an inorganic state

Question 8

what is a defence mechanism?

Answer 8

Freud’s concept for those mental strategies used by the person to reduce anxiety. They function to exclude from awareness some thought, wish, or feeling.

Question 9

define denial

Answer 9

a defense mechanism, emphasized by both Freud and Rogers, in which threatening feelings are not allowed into awareness

Question 10

define ego

Answer 10

Freud’s structural concept for the part of the personality that attempts to satisfy drives (instincts) in accordance with reality and the person’s moral values

Question 11

what is an energy system

Answer 11

Freud’s view of personality as involving the interplay among various forces (eg. drives, instincts) or sources of energy

Question 12

define erogenous zones

Answer 12

according to Freud, those parts of the body that are the sources of tension or excitation

Question 13

what is free association

Answer 13

in psychoanalysis, the patient’s reporting to the analyst of every thought that comes to mind

Question 14

what is the genital stage?

Answer 14

in psychoanalytic theory, the stage of development associated with the onset of puberty.

Question 15

define id

Answer 15

Freud’s structural concept for the source of the instincts or all of the drive energy in people

Question 16

define identification

Answer 16

acquisition, as characteristics of the self, of personality characteristics perceived to be part of others (eg.parents)

Question 17

define isolation

Answer 17

defense mechanism where emotion is isolated from the content of a painful impulse or memory

Question 18

what is the latency stage

Answer 18

in psychoanalytic theory, stage following phallic stage in which there is decrease in sexual urges and interest

Question 19

define libido

Answer 19

psychoanalytic term for energy associated first with sexual instincts and later with the life instincts

Question 20

what is the life instinct

Answer 20

freud’s concept of drives or sources of energy (libido) directed toward the preservation of life and sexual gratification

Question 21

what is a mechanism

Answer 21

intellectual movement of the 19th century; argues that basic principles of natural science could explain not only the behaviour of physical objects but also human thought and action

Question 22

what is the Oedipus complex

Answer 22

Freud’s concept expressing a boy’s sexual attraction to the mother and fear of castration by the father, who is seen as a rival

Question 23

what is the oral stage

Answer 23

Freud’s concept for period of life where major center of bodily excitation or tension is the mouth

Question 24

define penis envy

Answer 24

in psychoanalytic theory, female’s envy of the male’s possession of a penis

Question 25

what is perception without awareness

Answer 25

unconscious perception or perception of a stimulus without conscious awareness of such perception.

Question 26

define perceptual defence

Answer 26

process by which an individual defends (unconsciously) against awareness of threatening stimulus.

Question 27

what is the phallic stage

Answer 27

Freud's concept for period of life where excitation/tension begins to be centered around genitals and attraction to parent of opposite sex

Question 28

what is the pleasure principle

Answer 28

according to Freud, psychological functioning based on pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain

Question 29

define preconscious

Answer 29

Freud's thoughts for those thoughts, experiences, feelings that's we are momentarily unaware but can readily bring into awareness

Question 30

define primary process

Answer 30

in psychoanalytic theory, form of thinking that's governed not by logic or reality testing and seen in dreams and other expressions of the unconscious

Question 31

what is projection

Answer 31

defense mech. where one attributes to others one's own expressions of the unconscious

Question 32

define rationalization

Answer 32

defense mech., where acceptable reason is given for an unacceptable motive/act

Question 33

define reaction formation

Answer 33

defense mech., where opposite of unacceptable impulse is expressed

Question 34

what is the reality principle

Answer 34

according to Freud, psychological functioning based on reality where pleasure is delayed until optimum time

Question 35

define repression

Answer 35

primary defence mech. where thought, idea, wish is dismissed from consciousness

Question 36

what is secondary process

Answer 36

(psychoanalytic theory) form of thinking governed by reality and associated with development of ego

Question 37

define sublimation

Answer 37

(def. mech.) og expression of instinct is replaced by a higher cultural goal

Question 38

what is subliminal psychodynamic activation

Answer 38

research procedure; associated w/ psychoanalytic theory where stimuli are presented below perceptual threshold (subliminally) to stimulate unconscious wishes and fears.

Question 39

what is the superego

Answer 39

Freud's structural concept for part of personality that expresses our ideal and moral values

Question 40

what is the unconscious

Answer 40

the thoughts, experiences, and feelings we are unaware of

Question 41

define undoing

Answer 41

(def. mech.) one magically undoes an act or wish associated with anxiety

Question 42

according to Freud, unawareness is the result of?

Answer 42

repression